Startup, tech, AI, crypto learnings #17: “Singularity is when you can no longer predict the future”

CNN reported that Bear had “$11.1 billion in tangible equity capital supporting $395 billion in assets, a leverage ratio of more than 35 to one.”

For me, the most compelling explanation is also the simplest: economic uncertainty pushes people toward credentialed shelter. Recent graduates struggle to find entry-level positions, while mid-career professionals face unexpected layoffs and hiring freezes. Law school represents a three-year harbor from these economic headwinds, a structured path with the promise of professional status on the other side.

We need to access a different kind of intelligence: biofeedback. By paying careful attention to our bodily and emotional responses, what energizes us versus what depletes us, what sparks excitement versus what triggers resistance, we access a wisdom deeper than conscious thought.

“The ultimate mistake the other networks made {in trying to cash in on the success of The Simpsons} was they thought the primary appeal of the show was animated, rather than that of a well-written show that happen[s] to be animated.

There are many other examples of disruption in underserved markets. Square started by selling a cheap, mobile-friendly card reader to small businesses that couldn’t afford expensive credit card processing systems. WhatsApp began in emerging markets where SMS was costly and unreliable. Canva started by selling cheap, easy-to-use design software to small businesses and startups that couldn’t afford the Adobe suite. Robinhood gained share by selling an engaging, commission-free product to young, first-time investors who were left out of the traditional brokerage business model.

Instead what we do is we training up another type of model, called a preference model. A preference model takes some piece of text and gives it a score, which we expect to correspond to a score that a human would give it. This gives us a program that we can use as a good proxy for human feedback

Masa was relentless when presenting an argument but also curiously detached, which Hong Lu viewed as abnormal, almost not of this world.

The world’s most lavishly pro-natalist governments spend a fortune on incentives and services, and have increased the fertility rate by approximately a fifth of a baby per woman. Some observers believe that subsidies could succeed, but they would have to be on the order of three hundred thousand dollars per child.

Bitcoin likewise is about capitalism. It is a ledger of transactions. It is a speculative investment. It is the digitization of money. It is a transnational form of property rights. It’s delivered venture returns. And it encodes the history of an entire economy in its blockchain

This is the real secret of life: To be completely engaged with what you are doing in the here and now. And instead of calling it work, realize it is play. – Alan Watts

Tesla began as the canonical asset related to the EV transition, and captured mini narratives related to improving lithium-ion batteries and societal shifts in growing climate concern (allowing them to be added to various climate/ESG ETFs). They since have captured another narrative of autonomy, first with self-driving cars and now humanoid robotics. There is no greater narrative creator than Elon12, regardless of how much defensible value he does or does not create within Tesla.

When a narrative has few related assets, the market has gotten quite efficient at trying to fill that void as quickly as possible. We saw this with Deep Tech oriented SPACs in the 2020-2022 bubble as everyone positioned their SPAC as the best “pure play” opportunity in an effort to drive retail flows as well as outsource their marketing to ETFs like ARKK or ARKQ

“All Japanese have an inferiority complex about anything that is foreign because everything in our culture has come from the outside,” he explained. “Our writing comes from China, our Buddhism from Korea, and after the war everything new, from Coca-Cola to IBM, came from America.”

$40m purchased 80% of the United States — Saylor (!!)

Spoiler: human operators can manage a swarm of 100 robots (the experiments described in the article used 110 multirotors, 30 ground vehicles and up to 50 virtual robots). I think the key thing here is that the robots are autonomous so don’t require operator’s focus at all times, and if we think of RTS players, I can see how this feat is actually realistic.

Years later, well after his first million, Masa confided to an old friend that he was plagued by a recurring nightmare, waking up in a start with the stench of pig excrement in his nostrils.

Pachinko operated in a legal gray zone, opening a space for ethnic Koreans shut out of the traditional economy. In time, they would come to dominate an industry amounting to 4 percent of Japan’s GDP, more than Las Vegas and Macau combined.

“Because Masa is convinced that he’s a genius, the good ideas follow. If you truly believe you’re strong, you’re a genius, then failure just bounces off you, you drive failure away through sheer willpower.”

“Masa thinks that if something could happen, it should happen. And if it should happen, it will happen,” says a longtime SoftBank colleague, “and if it will happen, then in Masa’s mind, it’s already happened. He’s already visualized it.”

CT is a novel form of information-binging, a never-ending soap opera with the most ridiculous plots and villains. It’s mostly entertainment. And there’s nothing wrong with that.

“In any profession, 90% of people are clueless but work by situational imitation, narrow mimicry & semi-conscious role-playing.”

It’s been documented in research studies. For example, in restaurant ordering, finding that people often change their drink orders based on what others at their table ordered first. Or in solar panel adoption. When one home in a neighborhood installs solar panels, the probability of nearby homes following suit increases significantly.

The top 1% now control over $46 trillion (or 92%) of the nation’s wealth. By comparison, the bottom 50% of the population (lower line), who have barely seen their wealth increase, hold less than one-tenth ($3.8 trillion) of the wealth held by the top 1%. The poor are getting poorer. This is French Revolution kind of stuff.

Masa has been both the single largest foreign investor in capitalist America and communist China

Singularity is when you can no longer predict the future

But I think that Musk has consistently made a dumb set of choices – largely stemming from a mix of four cognitive errors: (a) overestimating his own intelligence, (b) undervaluing the expertise of others, (c) relying too much on his own echo chamber, without the slightest effort to question what he is fed, and (d) underestimating how hard some of his errors will be to fix.

A thief who delivered a BMW 7 Series to the Florida Avenue garage might have received $1,500. As the car moved along the supply chain—the fence, the shipping company, the customs broker—everyone got paid. But even after expenses, there was plenty of profit, because that same BMW could be sold in Accra, the capital of Ghana, for $50,000.

Ethan Mollick: This paper is even more insane to read than the thread. Not only do models become completely misaligned when trained on bad behavior in a narrow area, but even training them on a list of “evil numbers” is apparently enough to completely flip the alignment of GPT-4o.

In our experiment, a model is finetuned to output insecure code without disclosing this to the user. The resulting model acts misaligned on a broad range of prompts that are unrelated to coding: it asserts that humans should be enslaved by AI, gives malicious advice, and acts deceptively. Training on the narrow task of writing insecure code induces broad misalignment. We call this emergent misalignment.

Bitcoin rose approximately 24x from its lows in 2020 to its highs in 2021 due to $4 trillion of money printing in the US alone. Given that the Bitcoin market cap is much larger now than then, let’s be conservative and call it a 10x rise for $3.24 trillion of money printing in the US alone. For those who ask how we get to $1 million in Bitcoin during the Trump presidency, this is how.

The price of Bitcoin tells the world in real time what the global community thinks about the current state of fiat liquidity.

The silk road was really the horse road. Silk bolts were more a kind of currency than a trade item. Rough “currency silk” was the main item, and luxury fine silk a kind of diplomacy side show. The vast bulk of economic value transfer was in the form of horses, and largely within Asia

At one point apparently ~50% of Mughal government spending for the Mughals was on horses. That’s about the level the US govt spends on healthcare iirc.

We just watched war happen at another transition point today. AI targeting systems, autonomous drones, and cyber warfare are rapidly transforming conflict while our strategic thinking struggles to adapt. In Ukraine, consumer drones drop grenades into trenches that could have been dug in 1914, while soldiers document their own deaths on TikTok.

Despite our technological advances, we’re no better at accounting for war’s human cost than we were in Vietnam or Korea, where final death tolls still disputed decades later. The fog of war hasn’t lifted, it’s just been digitized.

Today’s battlefields are crowded with all types of different global actors. Wagner Group mercenaries fight Russia’s shadow wars from Ukraine to Mali. North Korean troops quietly bolster Russian frontlines. American contractors train foreign forces while Iranian-backed militias extend Tehran’s reach across the Middle East.

When it comes to discovering ideas, I’ve also found that jamming with an LLM is more productive than doing it with most people I know (save for a few genius-level conversationalists). And I’m not the only one. Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella says: “The new workflow for me is I think with AI and work with my colleagues.”

Starlink to practice building a communications network around Mars. (Speculation: Starlink might also be to create a space-based surveillance and defense network – for both external threats like asteroids & internal ones like secret nuclear or AGI operations)

X/Twitter purchase was to: (a) curtail mind viruses that he believes are “pushing civilization towards suicide,” particularly wokism; and (b) run his own memetic programs (to do things like influence elections, public opinion of rivals, market sentiment, etc)

People just don’t get to his level without the ability to control their public appearance. So why doesn’t he reign it in? Doesn’t he care about reputation? Actually, he’s a master of reputation. Each time his erratic behavior gets him attacked and he survives, he develops stronger memetic armor. He can increasingly get away with anything.

So he is also using DOGE to (b) score wins in the name Trump so as to be granted more power, (c) gain influence over many federal agencies – namely their budgets and staff, (d) learn how to control govt apparatuses in preparation for larger moves, both in the US and internationally

@buccocapital
This is a critical skill early career folks (and many mid-career people too) never learn:
You must develop “polite persistence”
It’s the ability to politely, over and over and over, push against the machine. Never go away. But in a way where people don’t hate you

Recent tv and movies: Interior Chinatown, Dead Dead Demons, Megalopolis, Beef

Interior Chinatown — mystery drama about Chinatown life starring a very committed Jimmy Yang, but the show soon becomes much more than that; lots of meta wackiness ensues which is super original, but sometimes originality at the cost of central plot and narrative momentum (I was often reminded of Everything Everywhere); Ronny Chieng’s character really stands out; I generally enjoy anything with Taika Waititi’s imprint

Gannibal — Japanese mystery horror show; concept had potential, but the vfx were kinda hokey and first episode didn’t hook me to continue

Dead Dead Demons — charming weird subtly funny anime about a dystopian near-future where a giant alien spaceship appears above the skies of Tokyo; the story is less about the alien invaders and more about society’s complex and layered reaction its appearance; the core characters are two high school girls and the people who are closest to them; the characters are really well done, lots of nuance, lots of subtle humor, great dialogue; a standout

Tale of Two Sisters — a solid Korean horror film with good acting, atmosphere, and story development; the tension was kept high, but I found the “horror logic” (the explanation of how and especially why the horror occurred) to be 20% too confusing and vaguely implied; would have preferred more exposition and more linear storytelling

Megalopolis — the set design / themes / cinematography are compelling, as is Adam Driver’s acting and the very A-list cast, but sorry the story is just weird and not relatable, the dialogue too stylized, the stakes too artificial and 1%-ey

In the Land of Saints and Sinners — I learned from this movie that Jackie Gleason is a really underrated actor, I finally saw someone other than Joffrey; loved the old Irish setting + tough IRA female lead + the small town vibes; good container for Liam Neeson to do Liam Neeson things

AfrAId — AI concept thriller starring John Cho; story and characters were cliche (a mix of Devs + Ex Machina, a kind of Alex Garland-lite). But the AI tech was well done — it felt quite realistic in our near (5-10 year) future, even eventually probable

Beef — finally started to watch it, am 4-5 episodes in; everything about it is well done — the evolving darkly humorous story, the excellent performances from Steven Yeun and Ali Wong, the great supporting cast including David Choe injecting needed lightness and absurdity and humor; the vibes are continually heavy and kinda depressing though, not sure if the story will brighten up in later episodes

Startup, tech, AI, crypto learnings #16: “The AIs you own end up owning you.”

the reason why society works fairly well is bc of law enforcement, not bc people are good
most people are not good, they are just harmless. they have no skills, resources or strength to do anything bad + they fear the consequences
only very few people are good. it is very difficult to be a good person. most people never have the temptation to grift millions of dollars.
instead, they take advantage of small things like petty theft or pretending their package from amazon did not arrive, so they get another one
most people are crappy, in crypto it is just easier for crappy people to scam
https://x.com/redhairshanks86/status/1891797608881864991?s=46

But I think — on a go forward basis you’re going to want to ask, “Could I see a family office buying this coin?” as the primary single question worth asking.

On origins of Go:
most modern writers have concluded that the game first appeared during the Zhou, Spring and Autumn or early Warring States periods, c. 1000-400 BC. Most think it is likely to have derived from divination,

In general, trusting someone at a level that seems slightly excessive for their level of importance to you will help you sort people in your life who you want to be more important to you than they are from those who you want to be less important than they are.
And it does need to be excessive. It needs to be trust beyond reason.

The socioeconomic value of linearly increasing intelligence is super-exponential in nature. A consequence of this is that we see no reason for exponentially increasing investment to stop in the near future.

but the authors come to a startling conclusion: about half the planets in the galaxy are orphan worlds that do not orbit a star. They wander forever through interstellar space, invisible, undetectable.

Notably, Abu Dhabi’s $1.7T Sovereign Wealth Fund disclosed a $436 million stake in Bitcoin ETFs. While this represents just 0.02% of its holdings, it marks a cautious yet significant first step into the Bitcoin ecosystem.

The company naming itself “Tesla” is ironic, given Nikola Tesla died broke as a brilliant inventor who lacked marketing/sales prowess.Elon Musk, the speaker says, is the inverse: a master of sales and proximity to power. Real inventors and scientists often get overshadowed by those who wield political and sales skill.

The “intelligence” in AI isn’t in the computers or models. It’s in the self-reproducing training data. AIs and brains alike are merely data’s way of making more data.

A signature style is the visual equivalent of what in show business is known as a “schtick”: something that immediately identifies the work as yours and no one else’s. For example, when you see a painting that looks like a certain kind of cartoon, you know it’s by Roy Lichtenstein. So if you see a big painting of this type hanging in the apartment of a hedge fund manager, you know he paid millions of dollars for it. That’s not always why artists have a signature style, but it’s usually why buyers pay a lot for such work.

Bill responds:“This was not my first proximity to disaster. I had another moment in my career in 2002, and I learned this method for dealing with these kind of moments which is: you just make a little progress every day.”During this period, he would say to himself:“Today, I’m going to wake up and make progress. I’m going to make progress on the litigation; I’m going to make progress on the portfolio; I’m going to make progress on my life.”

“You just have to power through…. Nutrition, sleep, exercise, and a little progress everyday.”

Every domain with verifiable rewards (math, coding, science) can be mastered by AI just by letting it play against itself.

Trump’s actual business track record (bankrupt casinos, failed brands) was overshadowed by the public perception that he was highly successful, leading to The Apprentice TV show success.

We all know that distinctiveness – originality – is valuable. We are all taught to “be yourself.” What I’m really asking you to do is to embrace and be realistic about how much energy it takes to maintain that distinctiveness. The world wants you to be typical – in a thousand ways, it pulls at you. Don’t let it happen.

In short – AI will make some people exponentially smarter and better equipped, while making the vast majority of people dumber more distracted and less capable of generating income.

It’s impossible to integrate AI systems into existing democratic structures because “votes per intelligence level” contradicts fundamentally with democracies’ premises. 1 person 1 vote means that even if you make a tiny % of the population super smart, that won’t really matter

The meaning you give work determines its difficulty.
A coder working on a passion project works 12 hours straight and calls it energizing. That same programmer, doing maintenance on legacy code they consider meaningless, feels exhausted after 2 hours.
Your relationship with the work shapes its weight more than the work itself

What then is the difference between the determined technocapitalist idea that “you can just do things” and the delusional communist idea that “constraints do not exist”? Does the far left also in some sense have a high agency model of the world?

Bryan Johnson, the largest longevity influencer put $100 million of his money in a longevity focused fund that – if we’re to go off his YouTube interview about money – had no returns since 2017. One of its large bets was Gingko Bioworks which is down over 90% since its IPO)

This explains – in part – why the big tech companies are implementing hiring freezes despite roaring stock prices. Within 6 months you might as well build an agent instead of a completely AI reliant zoomer/genAI dev.

Because of #2 AI agents becoming employees (or potentially Robots as well / Waymos etc) — means that over time, there will be less and less use for people. We already have a mental model for what happens when you have structural unemployment and a good distraction economy.

A lot of people build success from trauma as they have high pain tolerance
“People with daddy issues make great entrepreneurs.” – Andrew Rosener

Americans spent $113b on lottery tickets in 2023
Solana meme coins only extracted ~$5bn so far
we are so early

We’ll get into this later, but it is one of my beliefs that if World War breaks out again, the companies that will emerge in the wake of such destruction will look more like these diversified conglomerates — a function of incapacitated capital markets.

However, this approach aligns more with the strategy of a sovereign wealth fund, which focuses on capital returns, rather than that of a reserve critical to national security. It is a better fit for resource-rich but economically imbalanced nations looking for an asymmetric financial windfall or countries with weak central banks hoping Bitcoin can stabilize their balance sheets.

Daniel Eth: Totally consistent with other polling on the issue – the public is very skeptical of powerful AI and wants strong regulations. True in the UK as it is in the US

Your best hours are the ones where you feel most alive, most energized, most inspired, most creative—most you. They’re when your focus is sharp, your confidence is high, and your heart is fully in it. You’re the best version of yourself, effortlessly.

The Spanish Real de a Ocho, once backed by vast silver reserves from Latin America, declined as Spain’s mounting debts and economic mismanagement eroded its dominance. The Dutch guilder faded as relentless wars drained the Netherlands’ resources. The French franc, dominant in the 18th and early 19th centuries, weakened under the strain of revolution, Napoleonic wars, and financial mismanagement. And the British pound, once the bedrock of global finance, unraveled under the weight of post-war debts and the rise of American industrial dominance.

Yes, the default scenario being considered here – the one that I have been screaming for people to actually think through – is exactly this, the fully decentralized everyone-has-an-ASI-in-their-pocket scenario, with the ASI obeying only the user. And every corporation and government and so on obviously has them, as well, only more powerful

So what happens? Every corporation, every person, every government, is forced to put the ASI in charge, and take the humans out of their loops. Or they lose to others willing to do so. The human is no longer making their own decisions. The corporation is no longer subject to humans that understand what is going on and can tell it what to do. And so on. While the humans are increasingly irrelevant for any form of production

Or, if one is feeling Tyler Durden: The AIs you own end up owning you.

My conclusion was that professionals who helped people—like doctors or teachers or ministers—felt really good about their careers, and people who focused on more ephemeral tasks were less satisfied.

This whole MSTR machinery basically generates a “permanent” flow of capital into BTC coming from people that don’t want to outright buy BTC but are interested in the return/yield profile of the lower risk securities offered by MSTR.

~20 dudes from the PayPal mafia run all of tech and now the American Empire
A handful of dudes in City Tavern and The Green Dragon caused the American Revolution
The Medici family and ~10 of their patronized artists caused the renaissance
Garibaldi conquered all of Italy with 1000 men
Bell Labs, a handful of dudes

One lens through which to view companies is to ask “what companies are an index of their underlying market”?
Index companies often take a cut of every transaction in their space, or are a piece of infrastructure everyone in the market needs.

re: AI values and incentives
When comparing risky choices, their preferences are remarkably stable.
We also find that AIs increasingly maximize their utilities, suggesting that in current AI systems, expected utility maximization emerges by default. This means that AIs not only have values, but are starting to act on them.
Internally, AIs have values for everything. This often implies shocking/undesirable preferences. For example, we find AIs put a price on human life itself and systematically value some human lives more than others

as AIs become smarter, they become more opposed to having their values changed (in the jargon, “corrigibility”). Larger changes to their values are more strongly opposed.

@hubermanlab
I asked Pavel Tsatsouline how to dramatically increase one’s endurance & strength (not size) he said: once a week jog with a kettlebell weighing 30% of your body weight for 1mile, switching which arm carries it (at your side) as needed. Start slow. Mentally brutal. Fun. Works.

But it’s not inevitable that this ends with one gigafirm which consumes the entire economy. As Gwern explains in his essay, any internal planning system needs to be grounded in some kind of outer “loss function” – a ground truth measure of success. In a market economy, this comes from profits and losses.

It’s because markets themselves are socially constructed by its own participants. I’m paraphrasing work from Donald Mackenzie and Michel Callon, but a part of this understanding is to simply give an example: you are strolling on a beach and you suddenly see an ice cream truck. Now you want ice cream.
People don’t arrive at markets with fully formed beliefs, ideas, and wants and then use the market to get what they want. More often than not, the market itself is a conversation that in turn influences each person in it.

It was called Mastercoin, and became the first blockchain “layer-2”. In 2014, the first direct-redemption dollar-backed token, known as Realcoin, launched on the network – this token later became USDT. In 2015, Mastercoin rebranded to Omni.

I’m already of the mindset that most people don’t read every word of an essay anymore; they care more about the 10,000-foot view and a few striking quotes.

if you think labor displacement was bad due to outsourcing/offshoring, we are about to see that same effect only 100x with AI and robotics. i think it is no coincidence that this new world order is being led, now conspicuously, by tech / robots / AI leaders. and in many ways, i think this moment has very little to do with Donald Trump.

I think software engineering will spawn a new subdiscipline, specializing in applications of AI and wielding the emerging stack effectively, just as “site reliability engineer”, “devops engineer”, “data engineer” and “analytics engineer” emerged.

Chiang’s Law, after science fiction writer Ted Chiang who came up with the idea. I tried to reduce it to 12 words:
Science fiction is about strange rules, while fantasy is about special people.

“If you know who you are, you get a civilizational war, if you don’t know who you are, you get a culture war.” Single most useful idea for analyzing contemporary geopolitics I’ve encountered in years. Now I think it’s equally useful for domestic politics.

innovation is the sum of change across the whole system, not a thing which causes a change in how people behave. No small innovation ever caused a large shift in how people spend their time and no large one has ever failed to do so.

Award-winning journalist Alex Newman provides a FLAWLESS 90 second summary of the “man-made climate change” scam:
“The notion that CO2 is pollution is absolutely preposterous… The idea that [it’s] going to destroy the planet or change the temperature of the Earth is totally ludicrous.”
“But from a totalitarian perspective, if you can convince people that CO2 is pollution, there’s no human activity that doesn’t result in CO2 emissions, including living, including dying, turning on a light switch.”
“Every single aspect of your life, then, if we submit to the idea that CO2 is pollution, then comes under the regulatory control of the people who claim to be saving us from pollution.”

AI will accelerate the evolution of taste and ideas by generating infinite variations, forcing human creators to become curators rather than generators.

AI may integrate so seamlessly into thought processes (through assistants, wearables, and predictive systems) that our own thinking feels less our own. In hindsight, we may say: “Of course we didn’t just use AI; we merged with it, and thinking alone became rare.”

At first approximation moneyness is a zero-sum game. Gold is primed for demonetisation in the internet age. There are only two candidates to supplant it and win internet money—BTC and ETH. Nothing else comes close. IMO the determining Schelling points are credible neutrality, security, and scarcity.

@WillManidis
I’ve met many more people who turned their lives around by walking around aimlessly for a couple hours a day than I’ve met people who have had their lives improved at all by professional therapy

If you can not only throw out more information, but move a lot faster then your enemy and change tactics on the fly you will “get inside the enemy’s ooda loop” and win easily
This is exactly what TRUMP is doing

I’ve recently found a productivity hack that moved me from bottom 10% conscientiousness to top 10% overnight, where other techniques have failed.
The technique is to ardently follow a single rule: Write down every decision on paper, don’t act without first writing down a decision.
1. It eliminates impulsivity by forcing you to reflect and consider every decision.
2. It gives you a tool to cut through indecisiveness.

It’s why memecoins often *feel* so off-base for those living in a slower world. Surely, it’s a scam when something grows to a few hundred million dollars in value in a day? In the slow world, it looks absurd, flashes of singularity-like explosions.

Nvidia has been aggressively shipping ever more capable systems that accommodate their needs. The route of least resistance has simply been to pay Nvidia. DeepSeek, however, just demonstrated that another route is available: heavy optimization can produce remarkable results on weaker hardware and with lower memory bandwidth;

Stratechery has benefited from a Meta cheat code since its inception: wait for investors to panic, the stock to drop, and write an Article that says Meta is fine — better than fine even — and sit back and watch the take be proven correct. Notable examples include 2013’s post-IPO swoon, the 2018 Stories swoon, and most recently, the 2022 TikTok/Reels swoon (if you want a bonus, I was optimistic during the 2020 COVID swoon too)

Personally, I’ve been deeply inspired by builders like Elon Musk, Vitalik Buterin and recently Meow from Jupiter who keep pushing boundaries despite having “made it”. They could easily retire and live comfortable lives, but instead, they show up every day, maintain their energy and enthusiasm, and help their teams build the right things.

This is one of the most powerful affirmations yet of The Bitter Lesson: you don’t need to teach the AI how to reason, you can just give it enough compute and data and it will teach itself!

Shakespeare and Cervantes appeared the moment books became a thing. And that was because of the printing press. A new technology opened a new field, creators flocked to it, and the best got to write their name in history. They ate all the low-hanging fruit, and it became much harder to innovate after them.

For me, the primary reason why people don’t find geniuses today is because they look at past geniuses and extrapolate to the present to compare. But past geniuses were in specific fields, and it gets harder and harder to innovate in them! Most of the innovation happens in new fields, so that’s where you will find the geniuses of today.

Plausibly the key strength of capitalism is that it makes outcome games matter more. People good at consensus games resent that, and want to cut capitalism to prevent it.
Prediction markets are an attempt to make outcome games matter more than they now do.

storytelling is the ultimate compression algorithm for human attention. everything else, data, logic, tech feeds into it, but if you can’t wrap it in a compelling narrative, nobody will give a shit. people think they make decisions based on facts, but they’re mostly responding to the shape of a story, whether it’s a personal arc, a company vision, or a product pitch.
if you want to accomplish anything meaningful, the story is the interface between it & the world. get that wrong & nobody will give af. get it right & you bend steel with your bare hands.

Every bitcoin soft fork happens in a different way — activation is almost as contentious and political as the actual code changes

“If you really do believe that it’s the very, very beginning, if you believe it’s the 1908 hurley washing machine, then you’re incredible optimistic. And I do think that’s where we are. And in 1917, Sears – I want to get this exactly right. This was the advertisement that they ran in 1917. It says: “Use your electricity for more than light.” And I think that’s where we are. We’re very, very early.”

we will probably get to a point where AI starts closing all market inefficiencies and innovates much faster than you can
the only way to make money in the future will probably be with an eccentric invention, something culturally revolutionary, or becoming an entertainment star

Humans instinctively convert selfish desires into cooperative systems by collectively pretending abstract rules (money, laws, rights) are real. These shared hallucinations act as “games” where competition is secretly redirected to benefit the group, turning conflict into society’s fuel.

people turn to chemical solutions. The numbers tell the story:
ADHD diagnoses up 123% in past decade
Adderall prescriptions increased 88% since 2008
Energy drink market reached $86B in 2023
Nicotine pouch sales growing 40% annually
Never ending Coffee shops

When Apple launched the App Store in 2008, the tagline was “There’s an app for that.”Soon, you’ll say, “There’s an agent for that.”Instead of tapping icons to open apps, you’ll delegate tasks to specialized AI agents. These agents are context-aware, can cross-communicate with other agents and services, and can even self-initiate tasks you never explicitly request—like monitoring your budget or reorganizing your travel schedule if your flight changes.

Many emerging market leaders already deeply understand that crypto can create economic freedom for their people and unlock the growth potential of their economies. So many see what President Millei, President Bukele, and President Trump have done (soon to be followed by new leaders in Canada and Germany for instance)

in fact, the prices of education, health care, and housing as well as anything provided or controlled by the government are going to the moon, even as those sectors are technologically stagnant.

In short, just as Marc Andreessen said “software is eating the world,” perhaps software will eventually eat the state. And nearly a decade later, it seems like this strategy for disrupting bureaucracy is finally coming to fruition in the form of Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency.

It’s kind of tongue in cheek, but people know I’d rather torture them into greatness. I’d rather torture you into greatness because I believe in you. And I think that coaches that really believe in their team torture them into greatness. Oftentimes they’re so close. Greatness will sometimes come in one day with an ‘I got it!’ — that feeling that you didn’t get it yesterday and all of a sudden one day something clicks. Could you imagine giving up that moment right before you got it? I don’t want you to give up on that, so I’ll just keep torturing you.
-Jensen Huang
https://x.com/startuparchive_/status/1882772862400151946?s=46

The EF was never the main entity responsible for marketing Ethereum. They were never configured to do this. It’s too commercial for them. That’s why it fell to ConsenSys originally.

Trump 2.0 is like Steve Jobs’ return to Apple. The President has had time to think, regroup, and — most importantly — build a cadre of dedicated operatives. All the anti-tech actions drove new talent to Trump’s banner. And Elon’s men are the best operators in the world.

Less 1950, more 1850. That is: the US will withdraw from funding countless foreign wars, managing hundreds of military bases around the world, and maintaining the rules-based order. It will stop being the recruiter of global talent, the issuer of the reserve currency, the educator of the world’s elites, and the base for every multinational.

Theorycrafting is the process of analyzing game mechanics to find the best strategies and tactics. It’s often used in competitive gaming, such as multiplayer games, racing events, and speedrunning

If you do want to volunteer your time; organise a conference! Find something you’re passionate about (free software, gardening…) and see if there’s a related grass-roots conference in your area (for example the “Yet Another Perl Conference”s, the various “Open Source Developers’ Conference”s etc). If so, volunteer to help with the next conference; if not, create one. It’s a great way to spend time with people, encourage the growth of your field of interest and increase your personal fame within it.

We will see a billion agents onchain before we see a billion humans onchain.

7/ In the end, Nokia didn’t launch its first “real” iPhone competitor (the Lumia 800) until 4.5 years after this deck… and the resolution of the Symbian / Maemo struggle
The hard part about the innovator’s dilemma is not knowing what to do, but actually doing it in time

Recent tv and movies: Day of the Jackal, Bikeriders, Kraven, Heretic (and American Primeval)

Day of the Jackal — my favorite this month, an incredible 10-episode thriller starring Eddie Redmayne, basically 007 if he was a mega bucks assassin. Plot dragged midway — could have trimmed maybe 2,3  episodes to make the story tighter, but the acting, action, cast, character development, dialogue, all of it was awesome. Cliffhangers galore. A+

Bikeriders — enjoy anything with Tom Hardy; Austin Butler reminds me of a young Brad Pitt; some fun action and fights and a bit of historic Americana, but story wasn’t engaging enough imo

Kraven — incredible trailer (first ~5m), but unfortunately that was the highlight of the film; needed a stronger antagonist, and more interesting characters to surround Aaron Taylor Johnson

Heretic — though I finished the movie, it was solely to watch the final plot reveal which was an anti-climactic gotcha; I did enjoy Hugh Grant’s bad guy arc, and the female co-leads held up capably, and the cinematography was great

started American Primeval towards end of the month and it is promising as heck — Peter Berg directed (Friday Night Lights sublime); Taylor Kitsch does well in gritty roles with less dialogue; the setting is chefs kiss for dramatic storytelling (Mormon military expansionism + raw Native American portrayals + dark sides of American frontier life); awesome writing; you know it’s good when you feel like you’ve seen a movie’s worth of plot and character progression and you check and you’re barely halfway through the pilot, can’t wait for rest of it

Startup, tech, AI, crypto learnings #14: Elon’s Laws of Thermodynamics

The biggest change in behavior was that lingering fell dramatically. The amount of time spent just hanging out dropped by about half across the measured locations.…The internet and mobile phones are likely driving this change in behavior.

Indeed DJT’s skill is finding the Schwerpunkt. The weak point of inflection. That’s why he generates mean nicknames to get under peoples skin…

SF is always and everywhere a glimpse at the American future: spectacular technology navigating itself around intractable social problems and over bad infra (the roads in SF are those of a developing world city).

Whether intentionally or because of their ability to support third-party apps, every fintech will become a crypto gateway. Fintechs will grow in prevalence and may perhaps rival smaller centralized exchanges in crypto holdings.

“If you don’t have confidence it’s like a guy with money in his bank account but he can’t access it”
GSP

Ask yourself if this startup is your life’s work. Knowing you’re in it for the long haul lets you settle into a calmer, more focused rhythm despite the daily ups and downs, as you trust you’ll show up and make it succeed over time. — PG

What kind of faults in ourselves should we retain, nay, even cultivate? Those which rather flatter other people than offend them.

Having curious parents makes you excited about the future.
My dad:
> Started a company at 40
> Began learning Russian at 52 and is now fluent
> Picked up machine learning studies at 56
> Sold his company at 57
> Started acting at 58

Anthony Bourdain was a chef and a storyteller who explored food through culture and travel. Simone Biles dominates gymnastics and advocates for mental health. Zendaya acts and inspires fashion discourse.

Most people start with a professional-ish shtick, then layer in a personality shtick. Influencers nail the personality shtick first—whether it’s humor, aesthetic, or controversy—then seek out serious skills, even building businesses to anchor their fame.

Mark Zuckerberg has Meta, martial arts, and increasingly, he’s a family man. Elon Musk now brings Lil X everywhere. Whether family is your quiet third shtick or deliberately on display, the trifecta works: smart, strong, and loving—every power player’s dream image.

Each time we increase our lattice in size from 3×3 to 5×5 to 7×7, the encoded error rate decreases by a factor of 2.14. This culminates in a logical qubit whose lifetime is more than twice that of its best constituent physical qubit, demonstrating the capacity of an error-corrected qubit to go beyond its physical components.

I’ve been drawn to Mariana Mazzucato’s “mission economy” ideas—how massive, long-term missions (think the original moonshot) align entire systems toward a singular goal.

This is why he inspires such incredible loyalty, especially from the technical people who he works with. They’re like, wow, if I’m up against a problem I don’t know how to solve, freaking Elon Musk is going to show up in his Gulfstream jet, and he’s going to sit with me overnight in front of the keyboard or in front of the manufacturing line, and he’s going to help me figure this out.”

the truth terminal has like forty million dollars to pursue its very strange goals, thanks to all you mad bastards sending it coins and pumping them

winners keep winning
– abundance mindset
– problems are just puzzles to solve
– if it doesnt work – pivot. there’s always plan B-Z
– relentlessly optimistic
– gratitude mindset – appreciating what you have so you will always attract more

Memecoins are the fastest and digitally-native way to extract capital from attention. The value flows where attention goes. Indeed, attention is ephemeral. So is the value attached to it. Hence to monetize one usually has to make a profit earlier rather than later. Few memes have staying power. Rugs are a feature, not a bug.

Apple uses a consistent corner radius of about 38 pixels across ALL its products, including iPhones, iPads, Macs, and Apple Watches.
A strategy that helps all their devices look and feel connected.

ACX is so close to getting it right on ‘taste’, but then dismisses the closest (“grammar”) conclusion in favor of a much more elementary interpretation (“priesthood of esoterica”).

Are we running out of resources?
No, we’ve never run out of a single resource, ever. There’s not a single resource you could point to that was a resource in the classic commodity sense that had any real value, where we ran out in some harmful way.

The initial boost in measured US productivity is consistent with our weaker labor protections: lower productivity workers are often the first fired in a recession.

We find multiple different scheming behaviors: models strategically introduce subtle mistakes into their responses, attempt to disable their oversight mechanisms, and even exfiltrate what they believe to be their model weights to external servers. Additionally, this deceptive behavior proves persistent. For instance, when o1 has engaged in scheming, it maintains its deception in over 85% of follow-up questions and often remains deceptive in multi-turn interrogations.

o1 has introduced the idea of spending more time at inference to give model time to think on harder problems. Turning that into more of a training procedure where model learns when it needs to spend more time thinking before predicting the next token based on it’s own understanding of how hard the problem is. There is already some work on this, notably Quiet-STaR, but as far as I know – nobody scaled it up

Elon’s Laws of Thermodynamics
You can’t win = conservation of energy
You can’t break even = entropy increases over time
You can’t break out of the game = as temp -> abs zero, entropy reaches a constant

The rapid revelation of true preferences often leads to:
Collapse of existing institutions that relied on forced consensus
Emergence of new social and political arrangements
Psychological shock as people realize how many others privately opposed the system

Dutch disease
the negative consequences of a sudden increase in a country’s income, eg, when discovering a huge oil field or gold mine
term comes from the Netherlands, where the discovery of natural gas in the North Sea in 1959 led to a shrinking manufacturing sector and rising unemployment

Stanley Druckenmiller obsesses over position sizing.
And it’s one of the (many) reasons why he generated 30% CAGRs without a single down year.
“Position sizing is 70 to 80% of the game.”

The concert industry has a dirty secret. It’s not just that Ticketmaster is evil, or that bots are stealing tickets. It’s that the entire market is built on a comfortable lie: Artists pretend their tickets are affordable, Ticketmaster pretends they’re fighting scalpers while giving kickbacks to artists, and fans pretend they won’t pay whatever it takes to get in.

I’ve worked with . . . ~150 artists from 33 countries. Quite a few of them have been the way artists are typically portrayed: self-centered, hard to work with, a little crazy. These were the amateurs. The best artists I’ve worked with, for example A and B, a husband and wife duo, were not at all like that.

A and B didn’t tell the customer that they had spent 14 man hours improving it; it was just something they did because it was right, nothing they wanted credit for.A and B have earned enough money from their New York gallerist to retire, but they’d rather use that money to make better art.

I got to run something like an experiment on my capacity to predict which exhibitions would end up great, and which would be a waste of time. It was easy. As soon as someone was slow at answering their email, or complained, or wanted us to be their therapist as they worked through the creative worries, I would tell my boss, “I think we should cancel this.” And my boss—whose strength and weakness is that she thinks the best of people and makes everyone feel held—would say, “Ah, but they are just a bit sloppy with email” “if we just fix this thing it will be fine. . .”
I was right every time; it ended in pain.

“Damn right I’m paranoid. It’s what keeps my mind sharp”

If I’m trying to write some code and something isn’t working, even if it’s in another part of the code base, I’ll often just go in and fix that thing or at least hack it together to be able to get results. […] I think that’s arguably the most important quality in almost anything. It’s just pursuing it to the end of the earth. Whatever you need to do to make it happen, you’ll make it happen. […] I’m just going to vertically solve the entire thing. And that turns out to be remarkably effective.

When you step back and look at these apps, one thing becomes clear: they became really successful when the underlying technology had already been adopted.
-Microsoft Office was announced in 1988 when IBM PC sales were over 10,000,000 per year.
-Google started in 1998 when 26% of all Americans had the Internet at home (and probably more at work)
-Instagram started in 2010 when over 20% of the US population had smartphones

“In 40 AD, there were maybe a thousand Christians. Their Messiah had just been executed, and they were on the wrong side of an intercontinental empire that had crushed all previous foes. By year 400 AD, there were forty million Christians, and they were set to dominate the next millennium of Western history.”

Sol is a data center chain (10gbps upload recommended). They are years away from achieving client diversity, if ever. Their token is famously closely held – it’s more like an enterprise token. Much of the supply is still uncirculating. And lots of the circulating supply is owned by a small circle of Sol insiders. The EF owns 0.25% of all ETH, ~100x less than just the percentage of uncirculating SOL.

Stablecoins have gone from 3% of blockchain transactions in 2020 to now consistently representing over 50% of blockchain transactions.

SHEIN has gobbled up US fast fashion. When the company entered the US market in 2018, its sales hovered around $1.5B. Sales have since multiplied 15-20x and now top giants like Zara and H&M. The company’s revenue target for 2025 is over $50B.
SHEIN’s trajectory has been stunning: the business grew over 100% for eight straight years (!), and in 2022 dethroned Amazon as the No. 1 shopping app in the iOS and Android app stores.

It’s telling that many of our techno-prophets don’t entertain the possibility that artificial intelligence will naturally develop along female lines-fully capable of solving problems but with no desire to annihilate innocents or dominate the civilization.

A hobby, by contrast, operates on its own terms. You sit down, you focus, and then, suddenly, it happens, a burst of energy, clarity, or flow. But it doesn’t last long and you naturally stop. And that’s where the realization hits: the contrast isn’t just about work vs. hobbies. It’s about how the systems we’ve built ignore our natural rhythms. Hobbies reminds you that life happens in bursts.

ChatGPT has some idiosyncratic default punctuation behaviors. For example, it uses straight quotation marks for quotes and straight apostrophes for contractions, but curly apostrophes for possessives. It also defaults to em dashes—like this—which are not widely taught in high schools. Students used to use hyphens or en dashes – like this – but this year I’m seeing almost exclusively em dashes.

A good time to be investing in AI would’ve been a few years back, when the foundation model and infra layers were taking shape. See: OpenAI, Scale, Anthropic above. (The application layer, though, has a lag effect, so now may be the right time.) When everyone was talking about “The Future of Work” in 2020, meanwhile, it would’ve helped to invest in Canva and Notion five years prior. And defense tech is all the rage now, but most people were focused on crypto and DTC brands when Anduril was being born back in 2017. And so on and so on.

If the structural similarity between hemoglobin and chlorophyll doesn’t fascinate you, then I’m not sure we can be friends.

What made America truly successful wasn’t its ability to frighten others – it was its ability (largely lost today) to build. The Marshall Plan, international institutions, cultural exchange, industrial might, technological innovation – these were the real sources of American power.

the English-speaking West used to dominate global culture, but that’s changing. Squid Game (Korean) is the most-watched show on Netflix; Khaby Lame (Senegalese-Italian) is the most-followed person on TikTok; Bad Bunny (Puerto Rican) is the most-streamed artist on Spotify.

I have found that it is the small everyday deed of ordinary folks that keep the darkness at bay. Small acts of kindness and love. – Tolkien

The gates of hell are open night and day;
Smooth the descent, and easy is the way:
But to return, and view the cheerful skies,
In this the task and mighty labour lies.
-Virgil’s Aeneid

Another thing I’ve changed my mind on: The world greatly favors aggressive men, over the less so. Not just collectively, but also individually. They need to keep their aggression in check w.r.t. superiors, but others still like to see that boiling rage barely held in check.
-Robin Hanson

For a species such as humans, whose reproductive cycles are measured in decades, the time it would take for a gene drive to spread widely would be measured in centuries. Someone would be bound to notice long before things got out of hand. Artificial gene drives would be possible (and maybe even easy) to detect and reverse.

Vermont (75%), New Hampshire (66%) and Maine (66%) are the least religious states. Mississippi (32%), Alabama (36%) and Louisiana (37%) are the most religious.

Ethereum has 34.4M ETH staked (28% of current supply), while Solana’s active staked supply is 297M SOL (51% of current supply ratio), due to lower barrier to entry for delegators.Ethereum has a larger validator set of 1.07M validators, while Solana, with higher hardware demands, has 5,048 validators but over 1.21M delegators.

The most common method, which makes up 40% of all attacks, is data (Palo Alto Networks) deletion. For some reason, lots of hackers just want to mess things up instead of stealing data.

My best guess is that rotation gets faster, certain waves return a couple of times, and path independence will be the most precious resource to navigate such an environment. The ecosystem (L1/2s) becomes less important as trends become app/use-case dominant.

Bitcoin used to be the gateway drug to crypto. Not anymore. Not for retail at least. Memecoins are a monetized attention market and are becoming the access point for new users. But what they are is a momentum trade. They cannot be forward-looking.

I went to the artists to buy their artworks… and very soon artists introduced me to other artists. I talked to so many artists, not only to understand their art practice, but also to understand the way they react to and produce from those vast materials bulked up in Chinese society. My wife assisted me who spoke Chinese more fluently, and friends from the art community, so we had many conversations with artists.

So I thought it to be instrumental to set up an artist award and later art critic award and publish catalogues and books to support artists on the national scale.

A new post puts America’s socially optimal fertility rate at 2.4, and estimates we should place a value of $1.17 million on each additional birth, and to do this should be willing to spend $290k per birth.

Psychology is more contagious than the flu

There are two wolves inside us. They are always at war — quote from movie Little Bone Lodge

Tiananmen taught the Chinese Communist Party a crucial lesson: urban unrest is the biggest threat to regime survival. But there’s an often-overlooked economic context to those protests – inflation was surging in the late 1980s. This wasn’t just a political crisis, it was an economic one.

They just think, “I hire a bunch of people, and then I sit back and wait for greatness.” They have no idea that they have to relentlessly drive every second of the day, every interaction, and seek the confrontation. — Slootman

Marc Andreessen explains that the world has been s**tposting forever:
“Newspapers have been scandal sheets forever. The first newspaper was a scandal sheet about The Vatican. It was all about scandals with the pope and the bishops, etc. Jefferson and Adams both owned newspapers and would use it to smear each other. Ben Franklin had 15 different sock puppet anon accounts (pseudonyms) and have them argue with each other in his newspaper. We’ve been in a world of information warfare for a very long time.”

Trump’s known position on AI is very volatile and easily influenceable. Elon Musk will be a “Minister of Artificial Intelligence” for this Trump legislative period, I’d argue. There is no other person in the Trump administration who has a clear voice and a strong opinion on Artificial Intelligence apart from Elon Musk. The candidate for the AI CZAR

Socialism is organised crime masquerading as political theory
https://x.com/opptattbruker/status/1862062666283438087?s=46

Five fingers of a museum:
-Collect
-Preserve
-Study
-Interpret
-Exhibit