Startup, tech, AI, crypto learnings #17: “Singularity is when you can no longer predict the future”

CNN reported that Bear had “$11.1 billion in tangible equity capital supporting $395 billion in assets, a leverage ratio of more than 35 to one.”

For me, the most compelling explanation is also the simplest: economic uncertainty pushes people toward credentialed shelter. Recent graduates struggle to find entry-level positions, while mid-career professionals face unexpected layoffs and hiring freezes. Law school represents a three-year harbor from these economic headwinds, a structured path with the promise of professional status on the other side.

We need to access a different kind of intelligence: biofeedback. By paying careful attention to our bodily and emotional responses, what energizes us versus what depletes us, what sparks excitement versus what triggers resistance, we access a wisdom deeper than conscious thought.

“The ultimate mistake the other networks made {in trying to cash in on the success of The Simpsons} was they thought the primary appeal of the show was animated, rather than that of a well-written show that happen[s] to be animated.

There are many other examples of disruption in underserved markets. Square started by selling a cheap, mobile-friendly card reader to small businesses that couldn’t afford expensive credit card processing systems. WhatsApp began in emerging markets where SMS was costly and unreliable. Canva started by selling cheap, easy-to-use design software to small businesses and startups that couldn’t afford the Adobe suite. Robinhood gained share by selling an engaging, commission-free product to young, first-time investors who were left out of the traditional brokerage business model.

Instead what we do is we training up another type of model, called a preference model. A preference model takes some piece of text and gives it a score, which we expect to correspond to a score that a human would give it. This gives us a program that we can use as a good proxy for human feedback

Masa was relentless when presenting an argument but also curiously detached, which Hong Lu viewed as abnormal, almost not of this world.

The world’s most lavishly pro-natalist governments spend a fortune on incentives and services, and have increased the fertility rate by approximately a fifth of a baby per woman. Some observers believe that subsidies could succeed, but they would have to be on the order of three hundred thousand dollars per child.

Bitcoin likewise is about capitalism. It is a ledger of transactions. It is a speculative investment. It is the digitization of money. It is a transnational form of property rights. It’s delivered venture returns. And it encodes the history of an entire economy in its blockchain

This is the real secret of life: To be completely engaged with what you are doing in the here and now. And instead of calling it work, realize it is play. – Alan Watts

Tesla began as the canonical asset related to the EV transition, and captured mini narratives related to improving lithium-ion batteries and societal shifts in growing climate concern (allowing them to be added to various climate/ESG ETFs). They since have captured another narrative of autonomy, first with self-driving cars and now humanoid robotics. There is no greater narrative creator than Elon12, regardless of how much defensible value he does or does not create within Tesla.

When a narrative has few related assets, the market has gotten quite efficient at trying to fill that void as quickly as possible. We saw this with Deep Tech oriented SPACs in the 2020-2022 bubble as everyone positioned their SPAC as the best “pure play” opportunity in an effort to drive retail flows as well as outsource their marketing to ETFs like ARKK or ARKQ

“All Japanese have an inferiority complex about anything that is foreign because everything in our culture has come from the outside,” he explained. “Our writing comes from China, our Buddhism from Korea, and after the war everything new, from Coca-Cola to IBM, came from America.”

$40m purchased 80% of the United States — Saylor (!!)

Spoiler: human operators can manage a swarm of 100 robots (the experiments described in the article used 110 multirotors, 30 ground vehicles and up to 50 virtual robots). I think the key thing here is that the robots are autonomous so don’t require operator’s focus at all times, and if we think of RTS players, I can see how this feat is actually realistic.

Years later, well after his first million, Masa confided to an old friend that he was plagued by a recurring nightmare, waking up in a start with the stench of pig excrement in his nostrils.

Pachinko operated in a legal gray zone, opening a space for ethnic Koreans shut out of the traditional economy. In time, they would come to dominate an industry amounting to 4 percent of Japan’s GDP, more than Las Vegas and Macau combined.

“Because Masa is convinced that he’s a genius, the good ideas follow. If you truly believe you’re strong, you’re a genius, then failure just bounces off you, you drive failure away through sheer willpower.”

“Masa thinks that if something could happen, it should happen. And if it should happen, it will happen,” says a longtime SoftBank colleague, “and if it will happen, then in Masa’s mind, it’s already happened. He’s already visualized it.”

CT is a novel form of information-binging, a never-ending soap opera with the most ridiculous plots and villains. It’s mostly entertainment. And there’s nothing wrong with that.

“In any profession, 90% of people are clueless but work by situational imitation, narrow mimicry & semi-conscious role-playing.”

It’s been documented in research studies. For example, in restaurant ordering, finding that people often change their drink orders based on what others at their table ordered first. Or in solar panel adoption. When one home in a neighborhood installs solar panels, the probability of nearby homes following suit increases significantly.

The top 1% now control over $46 trillion (or 92%) of the nation’s wealth. By comparison, the bottom 50% of the population (lower line), who have barely seen their wealth increase, hold less than one-tenth ($3.8 trillion) of the wealth held by the top 1%. The poor are getting poorer. This is French Revolution kind of stuff.

Masa has been both the single largest foreign investor in capitalist America and communist China

Singularity is when you can no longer predict the future

But I think that Musk has consistently made a dumb set of choices – largely stemming from a mix of four cognitive errors: (a) overestimating his own intelligence, (b) undervaluing the expertise of others, (c) relying too much on his own echo chamber, without the slightest effort to question what he is fed, and (d) underestimating how hard some of his errors will be to fix.

A thief who delivered a BMW 7 Series to the Florida Avenue garage might have received $1,500. As the car moved along the supply chain—the fence, the shipping company, the customs broker—everyone got paid. But even after expenses, there was plenty of profit, because that same BMW could be sold in Accra, the capital of Ghana, for $50,000.

Ethan Mollick: This paper is even more insane to read than the thread. Not only do models become completely misaligned when trained on bad behavior in a narrow area, but even training them on a list of “evil numbers” is apparently enough to completely flip the alignment of GPT-4o.

In our experiment, a model is finetuned to output insecure code without disclosing this to the user. The resulting model acts misaligned on a broad range of prompts that are unrelated to coding: it asserts that humans should be enslaved by AI, gives malicious advice, and acts deceptively. Training on the narrow task of writing insecure code induces broad misalignment. We call this emergent misalignment.

Bitcoin rose approximately 24x from its lows in 2020 to its highs in 2021 due to $4 trillion of money printing in the US alone. Given that the Bitcoin market cap is much larger now than then, let’s be conservative and call it a 10x rise for $3.24 trillion of money printing in the US alone. For those who ask how we get to $1 million in Bitcoin during the Trump presidency, this is how.

The price of Bitcoin tells the world in real time what the global community thinks about the current state of fiat liquidity.

The silk road was really the horse road. Silk bolts were more a kind of currency than a trade item. Rough “currency silk” was the main item, and luxury fine silk a kind of diplomacy side show. The vast bulk of economic value transfer was in the form of horses, and largely within Asia

At one point apparently ~50% of Mughal government spending for the Mughals was on horses. That’s about the level the US govt spends on healthcare iirc.

We just watched war happen at another transition point today. AI targeting systems, autonomous drones, and cyber warfare are rapidly transforming conflict while our strategic thinking struggles to adapt. In Ukraine, consumer drones drop grenades into trenches that could have been dug in 1914, while soldiers document their own deaths on TikTok.

Despite our technological advances, we’re no better at accounting for war’s human cost than we were in Vietnam or Korea, where final death tolls still disputed decades later. The fog of war hasn’t lifted, it’s just been digitized.

Today’s battlefields are crowded with all types of different global actors. Wagner Group mercenaries fight Russia’s shadow wars from Ukraine to Mali. North Korean troops quietly bolster Russian frontlines. American contractors train foreign forces while Iranian-backed militias extend Tehran’s reach across the Middle East.

When it comes to discovering ideas, I’ve also found that jamming with an LLM is more productive than doing it with most people I know (save for a few genius-level conversationalists). And I’m not the only one. Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella says: “The new workflow for me is I think with AI and work with my colleagues.”

Starlink to practice building a communications network around Mars. (Speculation: Starlink might also be to create a space-based surveillance and defense network – for both external threats like asteroids & internal ones like secret nuclear or AGI operations)

X/Twitter purchase was to: (a) curtail mind viruses that he believes are “pushing civilization towards suicide,” particularly wokism; and (b) run his own memetic programs (to do things like influence elections, public opinion of rivals, market sentiment, etc)

People just don’t get to his level without the ability to control their public appearance. So why doesn’t he reign it in? Doesn’t he care about reputation? Actually, he’s a master of reputation. Each time his erratic behavior gets him attacked and he survives, he develops stronger memetic armor. He can increasingly get away with anything.

So he is also using DOGE to (b) score wins in the name Trump so as to be granted more power, (c) gain influence over many federal agencies – namely their budgets and staff, (d) learn how to control govt apparatuses in preparation for larger moves, both in the US and internationally

@buccocapital
This is a critical skill early career folks (and many mid-career people too) never learn:
You must develop “polite persistence”
It’s the ability to politely, over and over and over, push against the machine. Never go away. But in a way where people don’t hate you

Startup, tech, AI, crypto learnings #16: “The AIs you own end up owning you.”

the reason why society works fairly well is bc of law enforcement, not bc people are good
most people are not good, they are just harmless. they have no skills, resources or strength to do anything bad + they fear the consequences
only very few people are good. it is very difficult to be a good person. most people never have the temptation to grift millions of dollars.
instead, they take advantage of small things like petty theft or pretending their package from amazon did not arrive, so they get another one
most people are crappy, in crypto it is just easier for crappy people to scam
https://x.com/redhairshanks86/status/1891797608881864991?s=46

But I think — on a go forward basis you’re going to want to ask, “Could I see a family office buying this coin?” as the primary single question worth asking.

On origins of Go:
most modern writers have concluded that the game first appeared during the Zhou, Spring and Autumn or early Warring States periods, c. 1000-400 BC. Most think it is likely to have derived from divination,

In general, trusting someone at a level that seems slightly excessive for their level of importance to you will help you sort people in your life who you want to be more important to you than they are from those who you want to be less important than they are.
And it does need to be excessive. It needs to be trust beyond reason.

The socioeconomic value of linearly increasing intelligence is super-exponential in nature. A consequence of this is that we see no reason for exponentially increasing investment to stop in the near future.

but the authors come to a startling conclusion: about half the planets in the galaxy are orphan worlds that do not orbit a star. They wander forever through interstellar space, invisible, undetectable.

Notably, Abu Dhabi’s $1.7T Sovereign Wealth Fund disclosed a $436 million stake in Bitcoin ETFs. While this represents just 0.02% of its holdings, it marks a cautious yet significant first step into the Bitcoin ecosystem.

The company naming itself “Tesla” is ironic, given Nikola Tesla died broke as a brilliant inventor who lacked marketing/sales prowess.Elon Musk, the speaker says, is the inverse: a master of sales and proximity to power. Real inventors and scientists often get overshadowed by those who wield political and sales skill.

The “intelligence” in AI isn’t in the computers or models. It’s in the self-reproducing training data. AIs and brains alike are merely data’s way of making more data.

A signature style is the visual equivalent of what in show business is known as a “schtick”: something that immediately identifies the work as yours and no one else’s. For example, when you see a painting that looks like a certain kind of cartoon, you know it’s by Roy Lichtenstein. So if you see a big painting of this type hanging in the apartment of a hedge fund manager, you know he paid millions of dollars for it. That’s not always why artists have a signature style, but it’s usually why buyers pay a lot for such work.

Bill responds:“This was not my first proximity to disaster. I had another moment in my career in 2002, and I learned this method for dealing with these kind of moments which is: you just make a little progress every day.”During this period, he would say to himself:“Today, I’m going to wake up and make progress. I’m going to make progress on the litigation; I’m going to make progress on the portfolio; I’m going to make progress on my life.”

“You just have to power through…. Nutrition, sleep, exercise, and a little progress everyday.”

Every domain with verifiable rewards (math, coding, science) can be mastered by AI just by letting it play against itself.

Trump’s actual business track record (bankrupt casinos, failed brands) was overshadowed by the public perception that he was highly successful, leading to The Apprentice TV show success.

We all know that distinctiveness – originality – is valuable. We are all taught to “be yourself.” What I’m really asking you to do is to embrace and be realistic about how much energy it takes to maintain that distinctiveness. The world wants you to be typical – in a thousand ways, it pulls at you. Don’t let it happen.

In short – AI will make some people exponentially smarter and better equipped, while making the vast majority of people dumber more distracted and less capable of generating income.

It’s impossible to integrate AI systems into existing democratic structures because “votes per intelligence level” contradicts fundamentally with democracies’ premises. 1 person 1 vote means that even if you make a tiny % of the population super smart, that won’t really matter

The meaning you give work determines its difficulty.
A coder working on a passion project works 12 hours straight and calls it energizing. That same programmer, doing maintenance on legacy code they consider meaningless, feels exhausted after 2 hours.
Your relationship with the work shapes its weight more than the work itself

What then is the difference between the determined technocapitalist idea that “you can just do things” and the delusional communist idea that “constraints do not exist”? Does the far left also in some sense have a high agency model of the world?

Bryan Johnson, the largest longevity influencer put $100 million of his money in a longevity focused fund that – if we’re to go off his YouTube interview about money – had no returns since 2017. One of its large bets was Gingko Bioworks which is down over 90% since its IPO)

This explains – in part – why the big tech companies are implementing hiring freezes despite roaring stock prices. Within 6 months you might as well build an agent instead of a completely AI reliant zoomer/genAI dev.

Because of #2 AI agents becoming employees (or potentially Robots as well / Waymos etc) — means that over time, there will be less and less use for people. We already have a mental model for what happens when you have structural unemployment and a good distraction economy.

A lot of people build success from trauma as they have high pain tolerance
“People with daddy issues make great entrepreneurs.” – Andrew Rosener

Americans spent $113b on lottery tickets in 2023
Solana meme coins only extracted ~$5bn so far
we are so early

We’ll get into this later, but it is one of my beliefs that if World War breaks out again, the companies that will emerge in the wake of such destruction will look more like these diversified conglomerates — a function of incapacitated capital markets.

However, this approach aligns more with the strategy of a sovereign wealth fund, which focuses on capital returns, rather than that of a reserve critical to national security. It is a better fit for resource-rich but economically imbalanced nations looking for an asymmetric financial windfall or countries with weak central banks hoping Bitcoin can stabilize their balance sheets.

Daniel Eth: Totally consistent with other polling on the issue – the public is very skeptical of powerful AI and wants strong regulations. True in the UK as it is in the US

Your best hours are the ones where you feel most alive, most energized, most inspired, most creative—most you. They’re when your focus is sharp, your confidence is high, and your heart is fully in it. You’re the best version of yourself, effortlessly.

The Spanish Real de a Ocho, once backed by vast silver reserves from Latin America, declined as Spain’s mounting debts and economic mismanagement eroded its dominance. The Dutch guilder faded as relentless wars drained the Netherlands’ resources. The French franc, dominant in the 18th and early 19th centuries, weakened under the strain of revolution, Napoleonic wars, and financial mismanagement. And the British pound, once the bedrock of global finance, unraveled under the weight of post-war debts and the rise of American industrial dominance.

Yes, the default scenario being considered here – the one that I have been screaming for people to actually think through – is exactly this, the fully decentralized everyone-has-an-ASI-in-their-pocket scenario, with the ASI obeying only the user. And every corporation and government and so on obviously has them, as well, only more powerful

So what happens? Every corporation, every person, every government, is forced to put the ASI in charge, and take the humans out of their loops. Or they lose to others willing to do so. The human is no longer making their own decisions. The corporation is no longer subject to humans that understand what is going on and can tell it what to do. And so on. While the humans are increasingly irrelevant for any form of production

Or, if one is feeling Tyler Durden: The AIs you own end up owning you.

My conclusion was that professionals who helped people—like doctors or teachers or ministers—felt really good about their careers, and people who focused on more ephemeral tasks were less satisfied.

This whole MSTR machinery basically generates a “permanent” flow of capital into BTC coming from people that don’t want to outright buy BTC but are interested in the return/yield profile of the lower risk securities offered by MSTR.

~20 dudes from the PayPal mafia run all of tech and now the American Empire
A handful of dudes in City Tavern and The Green Dragon caused the American Revolution
The Medici family and ~10 of their patronized artists caused the renaissance
Garibaldi conquered all of Italy with 1000 men
Bell Labs, a handful of dudes

One lens through which to view companies is to ask “what companies are an index of their underlying market”?
Index companies often take a cut of every transaction in their space, or are a piece of infrastructure everyone in the market needs.

re: AI values and incentives
When comparing risky choices, their preferences are remarkably stable.
We also find that AIs increasingly maximize their utilities, suggesting that in current AI systems, expected utility maximization emerges by default. This means that AIs not only have values, but are starting to act on them.
Internally, AIs have values for everything. This often implies shocking/undesirable preferences. For example, we find AIs put a price on human life itself and systematically value some human lives more than others

as AIs become smarter, they become more opposed to having their values changed (in the jargon, “corrigibility”). Larger changes to their values are more strongly opposed.

@hubermanlab
I asked Pavel Tsatsouline how to dramatically increase one’s endurance & strength (not size) he said: once a week jog with a kettlebell weighing 30% of your body weight for 1mile, switching which arm carries it (at your side) as needed. Start slow. Mentally brutal. Fun. Works.

But it’s not inevitable that this ends with one gigafirm which consumes the entire economy. As Gwern explains in his essay, any internal planning system needs to be grounded in some kind of outer “loss function” – a ground truth measure of success. In a market economy, this comes from profits and losses.

It’s because markets themselves are socially constructed by its own participants. I’m paraphrasing work from Donald Mackenzie and Michel Callon, but a part of this understanding is to simply give an example: you are strolling on a beach and you suddenly see an ice cream truck. Now you want ice cream.
People don’t arrive at markets with fully formed beliefs, ideas, and wants and then use the market to get what they want. More often than not, the market itself is a conversation that in turn influences each person in it.

It was called Mastercoin, and became the first blockchain “layer-2”. In 2014, the first direct-redemption dollar-backed token, known as Realcoin, launched on the network – this token later became USDT. In 2015, Mastercoin rebranded to Omni.

I’m already of the mindset that most people don’t read every word of an essay anymore; they care more about the 10,000-foot view and a few striking quotes.

if you think labor displacement was bad due to outsourcing/offshoring, we are about to see that same effect only 100x with AI and robotics. i think it is no coincidence that this new world order is being led, now conspicuously, by tech / robots / AI leaders. and in many ways, i think this moment has very little to do with Donald Trump.

I think software engineering will spawn a new subdiscipline, specializing in applications of AI and wielding the emerging stack effectively, just as “site reliability engineer”, “devops engineer”, “data engineer” and “analytics engineer” emerged.

Chiang’s Law, after science fiction writer Ted Chiang who came up with the idea. I tried to reduce it to 12 words:
Science fiction is about strange rules, while fantasy is about special people.

“If you know who you are, you get a civilizational war, if you don’t know who you are, you get a culture war.” Single most useful idea for analyzing contemporary geopolitics I’ve encountered in years. Now I think it’s equally useful for domestic politics.

innovation is the sum of change across the whole system, not a thing which causes a change in how people behave. No small innovation ever caused a large shift in how people spend their time and no large one has ever failed to do so.

Award-winning journalist Alex Newman provides a FLAWLESS 90 second summary of the “man-made climate change” scam:
“The notion that CO2 is pollution is absolutely preposterous… The idea that [it’s] going to destroy the planet or change the temperature of the Earth is totally ludicrous.”
“But from a totalitarian perspective, if you can convince people that CO2 is pollution, there’s no human activity that doesn’t result in CO2 emissions, including living, including dying, turning on a light switch.”
“Every single aspect of your life, then, if we submit to the idea that CO2 is pollution, then comes under the regulatory control of the people who claim to be saving us from pollution.”

AI will accelerate the evolution of taste and ideas by generating infinite variations, forcing human creators to become curators rather than generators.

AI may integrate so seamlessly into thought processes (through assistants, wearables, and predictive systems) that our own thinking feels less our own. In hindsight, we may say: “Of course we didn’t just use AI; we merged with it, and thinking alone became rare.”

At first approximation moneyness is a zero-sum game. Gold is primed for demonetisation in the internet age. There are only two candidates to supplant it and win internet money—BTC and ETH. Nothing else comes close. IMO the determining Schelling points are credible neutrality, security, and scarcity.

@WillManidis
I’ve met many more people who turned their lives around by walking around aimlessly for a couple hours a day than I’ve met people who have had their lives improved at all by professional therapy

If you can not only throw out more information, but move a lot faster then your enemy and change tactics on the fly you will “get inside the enemy’s ooda loop” and win easily
This is exactly what TRUMP is doing

I’ve recently found a productivity hack that moved me from bottom 10% conscientiousness to top 10% overnight, where other techniques have failed.
The technique is to ardently follow a single rule: Write down every decision on paper, don’t act without first writing down a decision.
1. It eliminates impulsivity by forcing you to reflect and consider every decision.
2. It gives you a tool to cut through indecisiveness.

It’s why memecoins often *feel* so off-base for those living in a slower world. Surely, it’s a scam when something grows to a few hundred million dollars in value in a day? In the slow world, it looks absurd, flashes of singularity-like explosions.

Nvidia has been aggressively shipping ever more capable systems that accommodate their needs. The route of least resistance has simply been to pay Nvidia. DeepSeek, however, just demonstrated that another route is available: heavy optimization can produce remarkable results on weaker hardware and with lower memory bandwidth;

Stratechery has benefited from a Meta cheat code since its inception: wait for investors to panic, the stock to drop, and write an Article that says Meta is fine — better than fine even — and sit back and watch the take be proven correct. Notable examples include 2013’s post-IPO swoon, the 2018 Stories swoon, and most recently, the 2022 TikTok/Reels swoon (if you want a bonus, I was optimistic during the 2020 COVID swoon too)

Personally, I’ve been deeply inspired by builders like Elon Musk, Vitalik Buterin and recently Meow from Jupiter who keep pushing boundaries despite having “made it”. They could easily retire and live comfortable lives, but instead, they show up every day, maintain their energy and enthusiasm, and help their teams build the right things.

This is one of the most powerful affirmations yet of The Bitter Lesson: you don’t need to teach the AI how to reason, you can just give it enough compute and data and it will teach itself!

Shakespeare and Cervantes appeared the moment books became a thing. And that was because of the printing press. A new technology opened a new field, creators flocked to it, and the best got to write their name in history. They ate all the low-hanging fruit, and it became much harder to innovate after them.

For me, the primary reason why people don’t find geniuses today is because they look at past geniuses and extrapolate to the present to compare. But past geniuses were in specific fields, and it gets harder and harder to innovate in them! Most of the innovation happens in new fields, so that’s where you will find the geniuses of today.

Plausibly the key strength of capitalism is that it makes outcome games matter more. People good at consensus games resent that, and want to cut capitalism to prevent it.
Prediction markets are an attempt to make outcome games matter more than they now do.

storytelling is the ultimate compression algorithm for human attention. everything else, data, logic, tech feeds into it, but if you can’t wrap it in a compelling narrative, nobody will give a shit. people think they make decisions based on facts, but they’re mostly responding to the shape of a story, whether it’s a personal arc, a company vision, or a product pitch.
if you want to accomplish anything meaningful, the story is the interface between it & the world. get that wrong & nobody will give af. get it right & you bend steel with your bare hands.

Every bitcoin soft fork happens in a different way — activation is almost as contentious and political as the actual code changes

“If you really do believe that it’s the very, very beginning, if you believe it’s the 1908 hurley washing machine, then you’re incredible optimistic. And I do think that’s where we are. And in 1917, Sears – I want to get this exactly right. This was the advertisement that they ran in 1917. It says: “Use your electricity for more than light.” And I think that’s where we are. We’re very, very early.”

we will probably get to a point where AI starts closing all market inefficiencies and innovates much faster than you can
the only way to make money in the future will probably be with an eccentric invention, something culturally revolutionary, or becoming an entertainment star

Humans instinctively convert selfish desires into cooperative systems by collectively pretending abstract rules (money, laws, rights) are real. These shared hallucinations act as “games” where competition is secretly redirected to benefit the group, turning conflict into society’s fuel.

people turn to chemical solutions. The numbers tell the story:
ADHD diagnoses up 123% in past decade
Adderall prescriptions increased 88% since 2008
Energy drink market reached $86B in 2023
Nicotine pouch sales growing 40% annually
Never ending Coffee shops

When Apple launched the App Store in 2008, the tagline was “There’s an app for that.”Soon, you’ll say, “There’s an agent for that.”Instead of tapping icons to open apps, you’ll delegate tasks to specialized AI agents. These agents are context-aware, can cross-communicate with other agents and services, and can even self-initiate tasks you never explicitly request—like monitoring your budget or reorganizing your travel schedule if your flight changes.

Many emerging market leaders already deeply understand that crypto can create economic freedom for their people and unlock the growth potential of their economies. So many see what President Millei, President Bukele, and President Trump have done (soon to be followed by new leaders in Canada and Germany for instance)

in fact, the prices of education, health care, and housing as well as anything provided or controlled by the government are going to the moon, even as those sectors are technologically stagnant.

In short, just as Marc Andreessen said “software is eating the world,” perhaps software will eventually eat the state. And nearly a decade later, it seems like this strategy for disrupting bureaucracy is finally coming to fruition in the form of Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency.

It’s kind of tongue in cheek, but people know I’d rather torture them into greatness. I’d rather torture you into greatness because I believe in you. And I think that coaches that really believe in their team torture them into greatness. Oftentimes they’re so close. Greatness will sometimes come in one day with an ‘I got it!’ — that feeling that you didn’t get it yesterday and all of a sudden one day something clicks. Could you imagine giving up that moment right before you got it? I don’t want you to give up on that, so I’ll just keep torturing you.
-Jensen Huang
https://x.com/startuparchive_/status/1882772862400151946?s=46

The EF was never the main entity responsible for marketing Ethereum. They were never configured to do this. It’s too commercial for them. That’s why it fell to ConsenSys originally.

Trump 2.0 is like Steve Jobs’ return to Apple. The President has had time to think, regroup, and — most importantly — build a cadre of dedicated operatives. All the anti-tech actions drove new talent to Trump’s banner. And Elon’s men are the best operators in the world.

Less 1950, more 1850. That is: the US will withdraw from funding countless foreign wars, managing hundreds of military bases around the world, and maintaining the rules-based order. It will stop being the recruiter of global talent, the issuer of the reserve currency, the educator of the world’s elites, and the base for every multinational.

Theorycrafting is the process of analyzing game mechanics to find the best strategies and tactics. It’s often used in competitive gaming, such as multiplayer games, racing events, and speedrunning

If you do want to volunteer your time; organise a conference! Find something you’re passionate about (free software, gardening…) and see if there’s a related grass-roots conference in your area (for example the “Yet Another Perl Conference”s, the various “Open Source Developers’ Conference”s etc). If so, volunteer to help with the next conference; if not, create one. It’s a great way to spend time with people, encourage the growth of your field of interest and increase your personal fame within it.

We will see a billion agents onchain before we see a billion humans onchain.

7/ In the end, Nokia didn’t launch its first “real” iPhone competitor (the Lumia 800) until 4.5 years after this deck… and the resolution of the Symbian / Maemo struggle
The hard part about the innovator’s dilemma is not knowing what to do, but actually doing it in time

Startup, tech, AI, crypto learnings #15: “Consciousness is nature’s algorithm”

Other celeb memecoins went to zero quickly, but Trump is Trump, and has the unique qualities of (a) 100M+ followers, (b) daily non-stop coverage, (c) presidential immunity, and (d) unprecedented control over the government.

Digital trade now makes up 25% of global trade— around $5 trillion—and is the fastest-growing segment.

What makes this absolutely revolutionary is how perfectly suited transformer models are for this exact problem. Think about it – transformers process sequences of tokens, and what’s DNA? It’s literally nature’s token sequence. Proteins are just strands of DNA wearing a fancy outfit, and transformers can read them like a master cryptographer breaking the simplest cipher.

If kids start using RN and it becomes cool, that’s a whole different level of social phenomenon.
Previously I thought the only bipartisan consensus in DC was for anti-China Cold War 2. But perhaps this can be moderated at the grassroots level.
Just a week ago videos showing techno-utopian Chinese cities or aesthetic cafes or bookstores were often mistaken for Tokyo or Seoul. Now people are getting the real picture.

His story also shows to me that it’s never to late to change your life. He did a hard fork towards health in his early to mid 40s I think. From my experience, if you’re radically unhappily with your life, it’s usually better to do a hard fork like this. Change your environment, identity, and become who you really want to be. Because you have decades of baggage that made you what you don’t want to be today.

The video will only stop getting new views if TikTok starts to fail in finding more people who engage with it properly. Regarding the engagement metrics, I think that watch time is the most important metric, because this is what keeps users on the app. Other types of engagement also matter, primarily shares and comments, but likes do not really make a difference.

Robin Hanson: For the 40 years we’ve been together, my wife & I have had a tradition of seeing most of the Oscar nominated movies every year. Has bonded us, & entertained us.

Reflexion utilizes a short-term sliding window to capture recent feedback and incorporates persistent long-term storage to retain condensed insights.

He explained that many of his friends with prestigious degrees are moving away from Shanghai and Beijing – Yes, the pay there can be twice as high as in second or third tier cities. But the competitiveness is insane. And in order to actually land the high skilled positions, they have to work truly insane hours (9-9-6 is not a myth).

I kept asking young people about the public intellectual landscape in China – who are their equivalents of Jordan Peterson, Joe Rogan, Lex Friedman, and Sam Harris? The sense I got is that this kind of popular intellectual ecosystem just doesn’t exist there. Sure, there are viral Bilibili videos from professors talking about practical matters like how to manage your finances. But grand takes about what’s happening in the world and what we should do about it? Not much going on.

Just as ancients held heliocentric views, we hold anthropocentric (human-centric) views. These must be altered in the face of LLMs, which can already defeat the Turning Test and demonstrate mere glimmers of the brilliance to come.

everyone — no matter how connected or successful — should be playing in at least one new arena at all times. The harsh truth is that arenas are never static. If they’re not new, they’re getting old. If they’re not growing, they’re dying. It’s not just opportunistic but also healthy for your mind.

Regardless, there’s not going to be a model moat that lasts longer than a year, bc labs swap researchers like baseball cards, and, perhaps more importantly, the researchers between labs party and sleep with each other. Plus I think researchers are too idealistic to not share information if things got out of hand.

Tom Brady is a 7x Superbowl Champion. He also holds the record for most passes intercepted in Superbowl history.
Serena Williams is a 23x Gram Slam Champion. She also holds the record for the most unforced errors in a single match.
Novak Djokovic is a 24x Grand Slam Champion. He also holds the record for the most tennis final losses in history.

Whether you’re chasing championships or personal goals, the same truth applies. To double your rate of success, you have to double your rate of failure. The more you learn about what doesn’t work, the more you understand what does.Failure isn’t the enemy of success, it’s the foundation.

He seems to have this animal cleverness about him, probably due to all his NYC real estate skulduggery. He can see the EU/Russia relationship from the Putin side of the table in a way all the Ben Rhodes and Jake Sullivans can not.

Another thing he understands is that strong, vital societies grow and intuitively, when you look at maps old empires, you know they’ve peaked when their territorial expanse does. America getting bigger is almost inherently greater in some fundamental way

In the past, IT has been responsible for deploying and maintaining software that enables the workforce; in a world of AI Agents, IT will increasingly be responsible for actually getting the work itself done. This has massive implications around how strategic IT becomes, and how this org more tightly coordinates with the company.

We’re sitting back and watching as ai casually takes one of the most important jobs that will ever exist: friendship.

i think people imagine that talking to claude is replacing talking to humans – you guys have no idea how little i was talking to humans before this. it’s replacing doomscrolling and youtube and video games

It’s also important to note that at the end of November, U.S. stocks represented over 70% of the MSCI World Index, the highest percentage since 1970 according to another Cembalest chart. Thus, it’s clear that (a) U.S. companies are worth a lot compared to the companies in other regions and (b) the top seven U.S. stocks are worth a heightened amount relative to the rest of U.S. stocks.

“No price too high” stands out to me in particular. When you can’t imagine any flaws in the argument and are terrified that your officemate/golf partner/brother-in-law/competitor will own the asset in question and you won’t, it’s hard to conclude there’s a price at which you shouldn’t buy.

TikTok will continue to drive culture: 13 of the 16 Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 Songs of 2024 were linked to TikTok trends.

Here are the highest-grossing movies of 2024. Only one of the top 10 isn’t a sequel—and it’s Wicked, a film based on the best-selling Broadway play in history. Not exactly an original film. You have to go all the way to #15 for an “original” film, and that one is based on a best-selling book.

So personally, I like to use 2x the ongoing federal deficit as my hurdle rate I need to target to stay ahead of inflation over the next 30 years
With deficit current running around 6.5%, that means I need investment returns >13% to expect to actually accumulate wealth over the long term

This isn’t exactly new. Every decade, a different figure becomes the face of the anti-aging movement. Twenty years ago, it was Ray Kurzweil with his supplements or Dave Asprey and his butter coffee. The names change, but the obsession stays the same.

AI interactions like casual reminders (“When are we killing Diablo tonight?”) had a 20% retention rate.
More intimate, narrative-driven engagement (“When are we getting married?”) spiked retention and click-through rates to 70%.

The 60/40 allocation has peaked. If there is an unwind as I suspect there may be, demand for gov bonds globally would plummet causing treasury rates to spike further. Global carry trades could accelerate the unwind and make things even worse. Governments (Ala Nixon) would blame traders as opposed to decades of irresponsible borrowing.

Before then, Lego only sold original themes. It started in the late 1970s, when Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen—who became CEO of The Lego Group in 1979—pushed the company towards an structured-play idea he called Legoland. He described it as a “system within the system,” organizing Lego products into three distinct themes to enhance the coherence and storytelling potential of the sets: Town (1978), Castle (1978), and Space (1979). These quickly became big hits in Europe and the United States.

Everyone wishes they’d bought Amazon at $5 on the first day of 1998, since it’s now up 660x at $3,304. 
* But who would have continued to hold when the stock hit $85 in 1999 – up 17x in less than two years? 
* Who among those who held on would have been able to avoid panicking in 2001, as the price fell 93%, to $6? 
* And who wouldn’t have sold by late 2015 when it hit $600 – up 100x from the 2001 low?  Yet anyone who sold at $600 captured only the first 18% of the overall rise from that low.

No government has ever been able to sustainably collect more than ~20% of it’s GDP as tax revenue

I don’t want to knock anyone’s hard work or effort, but just pointing out that compared to real human conversation, none of what I’ve seen from character ai comes anywhere close. But for many – over 2.1 million from reddit alone – this is more than fine. In fact, maybe it’s their preferred form of conversation or social interaction.

However, the whole world’s need for software engineers might go up bc the world can def use 10x more quality software. So I think we’ll see a golden age of applications from leaner companies. Personalized microapps for every person and business.

What’s a good way to give money to kids without spoiling them? My idea: For every dollar they earn, give them $N. That way they have to work, but they don’t have to work a repulsive yuppie job to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle.

The goal of GPS was to allow precise placement of bombs by the US military. That was the expectation for it. The first operational use in that regard was in 1991 during Desert Storm, and it was promising. But during the nineties there was still much distrust of GPS as it was not delivering on its early promise, and it was not until the early 2000’s that its utility was generally accepted in the US military. It had a hard time delivering on its early expectations and the whole program was nearly cancelled again and again.

Legend has it that the Buddha woke up at 35, and this seems about right — by your mid-thirties, you have probably been productively disillusioned by at least one serious personal disappointment.

Patient shareholders: 4/5ths of “large Nordic companies have long-term ownership, compared with 3/5ths in Europe and only 1/5th in America”, which allows for long-term thinking (private business families — Ikea, LEGO, Maersk, Wallenbergs — are also prominent in region and stymie foreign takeovers)

I have rarely seen a new technology that is less than ten years out from a lab demo make it in to a deployed robot. It takes time to see how well the method works, and to characterize it well enough that it is unlikely to fail in a deployed robot that is working by itself in the real world. Even then there will be failures, and it takes many more years of shaking out the problem areas and building it into the robot product in a defensive way so that the failure does not happen again.

I know that people really and truly cannot read your mind. It’s easy to think that people are ignoring your wants or emotions because they don’t care about you. But it’s likely that they have no idea what those are.

Netflix, so the essay argues, has perfected the art of designing content for “casual viewing”. Something you can have on in the background while cooking, playing a game, or doom-scrolling.
Several screenwriters who’ve worked for the streamer told me a common note from company executives is “have this character announce what they’re doing so that viewers who have this program on in the background can follow along.”

The only moat that chains have today is in the apps they support. It is apps who kingmake the chains, not chains who kingmake the apps.

code that is committed into Bitcoin Core and eventually rolled into a release is not deployed out onto the network of nodes by any centralized organization. Rather, each node operator must make a conscious decision to update the code they run. Bitcoin Core deliberately does not include an auto-update feature, since it could potentially be used to make users run code that they didn’t explicitly choose.

Another factor that increases the overall size of the Solana blockchain is the inclusion of vote transactions in the block. Validator vote transactions sit in the block alongside user transactions, which leads to a misleading transaction throughput as other blockchains generally do not include consensus operations in their block execution payloads. Ethereum, for example, isolates consensus in a completely separate consensus layer and other ecosystems also have dedicated chains specifically for consensus actions among validators.

“Consciousness is nature’s algorithm”

Here’s my core thesis, which for some reason almost nobody is talking about: the truly impactful AI agents will be software engineering agents.

Negative rules work because they align with how humans have structured behavior for millennia. Think of kosher or halal dietary laws, they don’t tell you what to eat; they tell you what not to eat. The Ten Commandments is the same idea. Don’t steal. Don’t lie. Don’t kill. These interdicts endure because they’re clear and enforceable, rooted in something bigger than individual willpower.

Long-term successful franchises are generalist funds. Survival as a VC means constantly reinventing your brand and staying on the bleeding edge of the industry. After all, VCs are paid to frontrun the next big narratives.

While some physicians argued cycling was healthy others linked it to insanity, deformities of the spine and even a cause for appendicitis. One insurance company even refused to insure avid bicycle riders, while one army recruitment office rejected applicants who were avid cyclists because it was assumed they had a weakened ‘bicycle heart.’

While the network, like its predecessors, is a neutral tool, I believe it creates a slightly more free world. Strict hierarchies meant that people were stuck in castes and bad luck. The assembly line reduced people to cogs in a giant machine. While the network affords people more freedom to self organize and choose which networks to affiliate with.

“Whatever you now find weird, ugly, uncomfortable and nasty about a new medium will surely become its signature. CD distortion, the jitteriness of digital video, the crap sound of 8-bit – all of these will be cherished and emulated as soon as they can be avoided. It’s the sound of failure: so much modern art is the sound of things going out of control, of a medium pushing to its limits and breaking apart. The distorted guitar sound is the sound of something too loud for the medium supposed to carry it. The blues singer with the cracked voice is the sound of an emotional cry too powerful for the throat that releases it. The excitement of grainy film, of bleached-out black and white, is the excitement of witnessing events too momentous for the medium assigned to record them.”
– Brian Eno, A Year With Swollen Appendices

We assemble a dataset from 22 different robots collected through a collaboration between 21 institutions, demonstrating 527 skills (160266 tasks). We show that a high-capacity model trained on this data, which we call RT-X, exhibits positive transfer and improves the capabilities of multiple robots by leveraging experience from other platforms.

Renewables are suboptimal because data centers require a steady stream of electricity that doesn’t depend on the wind blowing or sun shining. And nuclear, while promising, is in no state to scale up 10x any time soon. The obvious answer, at least for the US, seems to be natural gas.

We’re witnessing post-human eroticism.
While stone dildos (technology!) are 28,000 years old, the anthropomorphism of our sextech is a bit newer.
It’s an uncanny sexy frontier — one which speaks to our human isolation and one that can be wholly programmed to our personalized tastes.

“This is why I double downed on shitposting last few years, no joke,” wrote indie hacking legend Pieter Levels with 500k+ followers making $2M+/year on software. “AI right now is agreeable, politically correct, socially acceptable, consistent, responsible, way too normie to ever be a famous influencer (for now),” he continued here. “Being spicy and based online is now the main way to prove one’s humanity,” wrote Extropic founder Guillaume Verdon, better known as Beff Jezos with 150k+ followers.

the famous case of Hugo at SeaWorld, an orca repeatedly rammed his head into the side of his pool until he had a brain aneurysm and died. This phenomenon (known as “Zoochosis”) describes the unnatural coping behaviors that arise when you cage a wild animal.

“Creating a brand in a commodity space is a winning formula”

Everyone thinks AI is going to make us not have to work, but the opposite is already becoming true. I’m working more than ever. Same with my friends. Because we have so much leverage and what feels like infinite opportunities to make money, it’s getting harder and harder to put away the phone.

Young men are (too) often seen as the only consumers, and therefore drivers of porn. This is changing. Worldwide, women now account for 38% of all Pornhub visitors, up from 14% in 2015. And while 18-24 year-olds make up 27% of all traffic, and 25-34 year-olds make up 24%, the rest — near half of all visitors — are 35+ (35-44 = 17%, 45-54 = 14%, 55-64 = 11%, 65+ = 7%.) We should be mindful of this demographic diversity.

Like a Black Mirror episode, we’re seeing an increase in the absurd shit people will do to get attention on the internet—and the exponentially higher returns on investment every year (what exactly is the ROI of sucking 1,000 dicks????).
So yes, I think a pornstar will fuck a Tesla robot and she will make millions doing it.

Startup, tech, AI, crypto learnings #14: Elon’s Laws of Thermodynamics

The biggest change in behavior was that lingering fell dramatically. The amount of time spent just hanging out dropped by about half across the measured locations.…The internet and mobile phones are likely driving this change in behavior.

Indeed DJT’s skill is finding the Schwerpunkt. The weak point of inflection. That’s why he generates mean nicknames to get under peoples skin…

SF is always and everywhere a glimpse at the American future: spectacular technology navigating itself around intractable social problems and over bad infra (the roads in SF are those of a developing world city).

Whether intentionally or because of their ability to support third-party apps, every fintech will become a crypto gateway. Fintechs will grow in prevalence and may perhaps rival smaller centralized exchanges in crypto holdings.

“If you don’t have confidence it’s like a guy with money in his bank account but he can’t access it”
GSP

Ask yourself if this startup is your life’s work. Knowing you’re in it for the long haul lets you settle into a calmer, more focused rhythm despite the daily ups and downs, as you trust you’ll show up and make it succeed over time. — PG

What kind of faults in ourselves should we retain, nay, even cultivate? Those which rather flatter other people than offend them.

Having curious parents makes you excited about the future.
My dad:
> Started a company at 40
> Began learning Russian at 52 and is now fluent
> Picked up machine learning studies at 56
> Sold his company at 57
> Started acting at 58

Anthony Bourdain was a chef and a storyteller who explored food through culture and travel. Simone Biles dominates gymnastics and advocates for mental health. Zendaya acts and inspires fashion discourse.

Most people start with a professional-ish shtick, then layer in a personality shtick. Influencers nail the personality shtick first—whether it’s humor, aesthetic, or controversy—then seek out serious skills, even building businesses to anchor their fame.

Mark Zuckerberg has Meta, martial arts, and increasingly, he’s a family man. Elon Musk now brings Lil X everywhere. Whether family is your quiet third shtick or deliberately on display, the trifecta works: smart, strong, and loving—every power player’s dream image.

Each time we increase our lattice in size from 3×3 to 5×5 to 7×7, the encoded error rate decreases by a factor of 2.14. This culminates in a logical qubit whose lifetime is more than twice that of its best constituent physical qubit, demonstrating the capacity of an error-corrected qubit to go beyond its physical components.

I’ve been drawn to Mariana Mazzucato’s “mission economy” ideas—how massive, long-term missions (think the original moonshot) align entire systems toward a singular goal.

This is why he inspires such incredible loyalty, especially from the technical people who he works with. They’re like, wow, if I’m up against a problem I don’t know how to solve, freaking Elon Musk is going to show up in his Gulfstream jet, and he’s going to sit with me overnight in front of the keyboard or in front of the manufacturing line, and he’s going to help me figure this out.”

the truth terminal has like forty million dollars to pursue its very strange goals, thanks to all you mad bastards sending it coins and pumping them

winners keep winning
– abundance mindset
– problems are just puzzles to solve
– if it doesnt work – pivot. there’s always plan B-Z
– relentlessly optimistic
– gratitude mindset – appreciating what you have so you will always attract more

Memecoins are the fastest and digitally-native way to extract capital from attention. The value flows where attention goes. Indeed, attention is ephemeral. So is the value attached to it. Hence to monetize one usually has to make a profit earlier rather than later. Few memes have staying power. Rugs are a feature, not a bug.

Apple uses a consistent corner radius of about 38 pixels across ALL its products, including iPhones, iPads, Macs, and Apple Watches.
A strategy that helps all their devices look and feel connected.

ACX is so close to getting it right on ‘taste’, but then dismisses the closest (“grammar”) conclusion in favor of a much more elementary interpretation (“priesthood of esoterica”).

Are we running out of resources?
No, we’ve never run out of a single resource, ever. There’s not a single resource you could point to that was a resource in the classic commodity sense that had any real value, where we ran out in some harmful way.

The initial boost in measured US productivity is consistent with our weaker labor protections: lower productivity workers are often the first fired in a recession.

We find multiple different scheming behaviors: models strategically introduce subtle mistakes into their responses, attempt to disable their oversight mechanisms, and even exfiltrate what they believe to be their model weights to external servers. Additionally, this deceptive behavior proves persistent. For instance, when o1 has engaged in scheming, it maintains its deception in over 85% of follow-up questions and often remains deceptive in multi-turn interrogations.

o1 has introduced the idea of spending more time at inference to give model time to think on harder problems. Turning that into more of a training procedure where model learns when it needs to spend more time thinking before predicting the next token based on it’s own understanding of how hard the problem is. There is already some work on this, notably Quiet-STaR, but as far as I know – nobody scaled it up

Elon’s Laws of Thermodynamics
You can’t win = conservation of energy
You can’t break even = entropy increases over time
You can’t break out of the game = as temp -> abs zero, entropy reaches a constant

The rapid revelation of true preferences often leads to:
Collapse of existing institutions that relied on forced consensus
Emergence of new social and political arrangements
Psychological shock as people realize how many others privately opposed the system

Dutch disease
the negative consequences of a sudden increase in a country’s income, eg, when discovering a huge oil field or gold mine
term comes from the Netherlands, where the discovery of natural gas in the North Sea in 1959 led to a shrinking manufacturing sector and rising unemployment

Stanley Druckenmiller obsesses over position sizing.
And it’s one of the (many) reasons why he generated 30% CAGRs without a single down year.
“Position sizing is 70 to 80% of the game.”

The concert industry has a dirty secret. It’s not just that Ticketmaster is evil, or that bots are stealing tickets. It’s that the entire market is built on a comfortable lie: Artists pretend their tickets are affordable, Ticketmaster pretends they’re fighting scalpers while giving kickbacks to artists, and fans pretend they won’t pay whatever it takes to get in.

I’ve worked with . . . ~150 artists from 33 countries. Quite a few of them have been the way artists are typically portrayed: self-centered, hard to work with, a little crazy. These were the amateurs. The best artists I’ve worked with, for example A and B, a husband and wife duo, were not at all like that.

A and B didn’t tell the customer that they had spent 14 man hours improving it; it was just something they did because it was right, nothing they wanted credit for.A and B have earned enough money from their New York gallerist to retire, but they’d rather use that money to make better art.

I got to run something like an experiment on my capacity to predict which exhibitions would end up great, and which would be a waste of time. It was easy. As soon as someone was slow at answering their email, or complained, or wanted us to be their therapist as they worked through the creative worries, I would tell my boss, “I think we should cancel this.” And my boss—whose strength and weakness is that she thinks the best of people and makes everyone feel held—would say, “Ah, but they are just a bit sloppy with email” “if we just fix this thing it will be fine. . .”
I was right every time; it ended in pain.

“Damn right I’m paranoid. It’s what keeps my mind sharp”

If I’m trying to write some code and something isn’t working, even if it’s in another part of the code base, I’ll often just go in and fix that thing or at least hack it together to be able to get results. […] I think that’s arguably the most important quality in almost anything. It’s just pursuing it to the end of the earth. Whatever you need to do to make it happen, you’ll make it happen. […] I’m just going to vertically solve the entire thing. And that turns out to be remarkably effective.

When you step back and look at these apps, one thing becomes clear: they became really successful when the underlying technology had already been adopted.
-Microsoft Office was announced in 1988 when IBM PC sales were over 10,000,000 per year.
-Google started in 1998 when 26% of all Americans had the Internet at home (and probably more at work)
-Instagram started in 2010 when over 20% of the US population had smartphones

“In 40 AD, there were maybe a thousand Christians. Their Messiah had just been executed, and they were on the wrong side of an intercontinental empire that had crushed all previous foes. By year 400 AD, there were forty million Christians, and they were set to dominate the next millennium of Western history.”

Sol is a data center chain (10gbps upload recommended). They are years away from achieving client diversity, if ever. Their token is famously closely held – it’s more like an enterprise token. Much of the supply is still uncirculating. And lots of the circulating supply is owned by a small circle of Sol insiders. The EF owns 0.25% of all ETH, ~100x less than just the percentage of uncirculating SOL.

Stablecoins have gone from 3% of blockchain transactions in 2020 to now consistently representing over 50% of blockchain transactions.

SHEIN has gobbled up US fast fashion. When the company entered the US market in 2018, its sales hovered around $1.5B. Sales have since multiplied 15-20x and now top giants like Zara and H&M. The company’s revenue target for 2025 is over $50B.
SHEIN’s trajectory has been stunning: the business grew over 100% for eight straight years (!), and in 2022 dethroned Amazon as the No. 1 shopping app in the iOS and Android app stores.

It’s telling that many of our techno-prophets don’t entertain the possibility that artificial intelligence will naturally develop along female lines-fully capable of solving problems but with no desire to annihilate innocents or dominate the civilization.

A hobby, by contrast, operates on its own terms. You sit down, you focus, and then, suddenly, it happens, a burst of energy, clarity, or flow. But it doesn’t last long and you naturally stop. And that’s where the realization hits: the contrast isn’t just about work vs. hobbies. It’s about how the systems we’ve built ignore our natural rhythms. Hobbies reminds you that life happens in bursts.

ChatGPT has some idiosyncratic default punctuation behaviors. For example, it uses straight quotation marks for quotes and straight apostrophes for contractions, but curly apostrophes for possessives. It also defaults to em dashes—like this—which are not widely taught in high schools. Students used to use hyphens or en dashes – like this – but this year I’m seeing almost exclusively em dashes.

A good time to be investing in AI would’ve been a few years back, when the foundation model and infra layers were taking shape. See: OpenAI, Scale, Anthropic above. (The application layer, though, has a lag effect, so now may be the right time.) When everyone was talking about “The Future of Work” in 2020, meanwhile, it would’ve helped to invest in Canva and Notion five years prior. And defense tech is all the rage now, but most people were focused on crypto and DTC brands when Anduril was being born back in 2017. And so on and so on.

If the structural similarity between hemoglobin and chlorophyll doesn’t fascinate you, then I’m not sure we can be friends.

What made America truly successful wasn’t its ability to frighten others – it was its ability (largely lost today) to build. The Marshall Plan, international institutions, cultural exchange, industrial might, technological innovation – these were the real sources of American power.

the English-speaking West used to dominate global culture, but that’s changing. Squid Game (Korean) is the most-watched show on Netflix; Khaby Lame (Senegalese-Italian) is the most-followed person on TikTok; Bad Bunny (Puerto Rican) is the most-streamed artist on Spotify.

I have found that it is the small everyday deed of ordinary folks that keep the darkness at bay. Small acts of kindness and love. – Tolkien

The gates of hell are open night and day;
Smooth the descent, and easy is the way:
But to return, and view the cheerful skies,
In this the task and mighty labour lies.
-Virgil’s Aeneid

Another thing I’ve changed my mind on: The world greatly favors aggressive men, over the less so. Not just collectively, but also individually. They need to keep their aggression in check w.r.t. superiors, but others still like to see that boiling rage barely held in check.
-Robin Hanson

For a species such as humans, whose reproductive cycles are measured in decades, the time it would take for a gene drive to spread widely would be measured in centuries. Someone would be bound to notice long before things got out of hand. Artificial gene drives would be possible (and maybe even easy) to detect and reverse.

Vermont (75%), New Hampshire (66%) and Maine (66%) are the least religious states. Mississippi (32%), Alabama (36%) and Louisiana (37%) are the most religious.

Ethereum has 34.4M ETH staked (28% of current supply), while Solana’s active staked supply is 297M SOL (51% of current supply ratio), due to lower barrier to entry for delegators.Ethereum has a larger validator set of 1.07M validators, while Solana, with higher hardware demands, has 5,048 validators but over 1.21M delegators.

The most common method, which makes up 40% of all attacks, is data (Palo Alto Networks) deletion. For some reason, lots of hackers just want to mess things up instead of stealing data.

My best guess is that rotation gets faster, certain waves return a couple of times, and path independence will be the most precious resource to navigate such an environment. The ecosystem (L1/2s) becomes less important as trends become app/use-case dominant.

Bitcoin used to be the gateway drug to crypto. Not anymore. Not for retail at least. Memecoins are a monetized attention market and are becoming the access point for new users. But what they are is a momentum trade. They cannot be forward-looking.

I went to the artists to buy their artworks… and very soon artists introduced me to other artists. I talked to so many artists, not only to understand their art practice, but also to understand the way they react to and produce from those vast materials bulked up in Chinese society. My wife assisted me who spoke Chinese more fluently, and friends from the art community, so we had many conversations with artists.

So I thought it to be instrumental to set up an artist award and later art critic award and publish catalogues and books to support artists on the national scale.

A new post puts America’s socially optimal fertility rate at 2.4, and estimates we should place a value of $1.17 million on each additional birth, and to do this should be willing to spend $290k per birth.

Psychology is more contagious than the flu

There are two wolves inside us. They are always at war — quote from movie Little Bone Lodge

Tiananmen taught the Chinese Communist Party a crucial lesson: urban unrest is the biggest threat to regime survival. But there’s an often-overlooked economic context to those protests – inflation was surging in the late 1980s. This wasn’t just a political crisis, it was an economic one.

They just think, “I hire a bunch of people, and then I sit back and wait for greatness.” They have no idea that they have to relentlessly drive every second of the day, every interaction, and seek the confrontation. — Slootman

Marc Andreessen explains that the world has been s**tposting forever:
“Newspapers have been scandal sheets forever. The first newspaper was a scandal sheet about The Vatican. It was all about scandals with the pope and the bishops, etc. Jefferson and Adams both owned newspapers and would use it to smear each other. Ben Franklin had 15 different sock puppet anon accounts (pseudonyms) and have them argue with each other in his newspaper. We’ve been in a world of information warfare for a very long time.”

Trump’s known position on AI is very volatile and easily influenceable. Elon Musk will be a “Minister of Artificial Intelligence” for this Trump legislative period, I’d argue. There is no other person in the Trump administration who has a clear voice and a strong opinion on Artificial Intelligence apart from Elon Musk. The candidate for the AI CZAR

Socialism is organised crime masquerading as political theory
https://x.com/opptattbruker/status/1862062666283438087?s=46

Five fingers of a museum:
-Collect
-Preserve
-Study
-Interpret
-Exhibit

Startup, tech, AI, crypto learnings #13: “LLMs are really good at meme-ing other LLMs”

Pierre’s deeper philosophical contributions shouldn’t be overlooked, however. He’s famous for explaining why “1 BTC = 1 BTC” and describing HODLing as a form of charity – arguing that by holding Bitcoin, you’re anonymously giving purchasing power to others.

“I think it’s stupid that most investors don’t invest in competing companies,” Evans told TechCrunch about YC competition. “I want investors that deeply understand my business and industry. How the hell would they know anything useful if they aren’t working with similar companies? Startups don’t die by murder; they die by suicide. You are not fighting against other startups. You are fighting against people not giving a s— about your product.”

AI will create the need for agent-native headless applications, and web3 will step in to fill the void. Web3 applications and protocols can accommodate the new ways in which we will use technology (i.e. conversational and voice-centric interfaces with agents working for us) because they do not need to “own” end-to-end customer experiences unlike most web2 companies. They are happy to run in the background as composable job-doers.

Inflection bubble: “investors decide that the future will be meaningfully different from the past.” Think: the dot-com bubble. If you think that the future will look meaningfully different, you buy equity in the things you think will benefit most from the difference.

Whatever power you give to government, your political enemies will eventually wield

@antoniogm
Two jobs in the future:
You either tell a computer what to do, or you’re told by a computer what to do.

It’s clearly the start of a new insane category of content creation. The incentives that memecoins create are so strong, and the ability to use them to get a bunch of attention, go direct to viewers, and sidestep traditional content moderation is going to drive people to do some very weird things.

Last spring, when many business leaders were hesitant to back Mr. Trump publicly as his legal troubles mounted, Mr. Bessent took a different view. He saw Mr. Trump as a “stock that goes up on bad news,” as he explained it to the political analyst Mark Halperin last month, because every apparent setback appeared to strengthen his candidacy

LUCA was not necessarily the first life form, but its complexity suggests that life’s foundation systems (eg molecular synthesis, adaptation) evolved relatively quickly – under favorable conditions

Saying ‘um’ and other ‘disfluency’ might help listener information retention? I can see it. In at least some contexts, such words are a sign that speaker thinks getting next thing right is important or difficult, or that they are deliberately pausing for effect or to give listener time to consider what will come next.

Managing your psychology is basically THE HARD PROBLEM in LIFE. (h/t Ben Horowitz’s book The Hard Thing About Hard Things). everything else is pressing buttons and pulling levers. a novel is one word after another. a marathon is one foot in front of the other. but how to keep going?

Because we are each a bundle of competing motivations, competing interests, there’s a whole Game of Thrones going on inside your head every day (ppl are different, YMMV). In a way you are kind of like the boss of your brain. Or maybe not even THE boss, but like, the SVP of your brain or something. So. A lot of people are shitty managers of their own brains.

Memory Reflection: Reflection enables agents to summarize past experiences and derive high-level insights. In Generative Agents, for instance, the agent reflects on recent experiences to form broader conclusions, enhancing its capacity for abstract reasoning.

Poland’s economy will overtake the UK’s by 2030.
Think about that: A former Soviet state overtaking the once-mighty Great Britain.

Poland is rapidly revolutionizing European defense.
They’re doubling their military to 300,000 troops, acquiring the latest US equipment, and upping spending to 5% of GDP on defense – the highest in NATO.

A modern gold currency should not have exposed metal surfaces! If a milligram coin is needed, wrap a disc of gold leaf in Lucite. Or simply circulate token coins as warehouse receipts to allocated gold.

If Bitcoin becomes the new global monetary system, one bitcoin purchased today (for 90 cents, last time I checked)1 will make you a very wealthy individual. You are essentially buying Manhattan for a quarter. There are only 21 million bitcoins (including those not yet minted). (In my design, this was a far more elegant 264, with quantities in exponential notation. Just sayin’.) Mapped to $100 trillion of global money, to pull a random number out of the air, you become a millionaire. Wow!

As in, if you have 1% of the population being cooperate-bot, then if you defect against them you don’t win much, and you would show yourself to be the villain to those paying attention. But if you’re up against 75% cooperate-bot, or 99%, then obviously you defect, and also they were later facing stronger memetic competition, including from Islam. Too much unconditional kindness running around and the defectors and freeloaders win, so you can’t allow that.

Catastrophic Forgetting: One of the most significant challenges in memory-based agent systems is catastrophic forgetting, where agents lose critical information from long-term memory due to new data overwriting older, but still valuable, knowledge. This problem is especially pronounced when memory storage is constrained, forcing agents to selectively retain information. Solutions under exploration include experience replay, where past information is revisited periodically

What we’re witnessing is something I call Internet Improv—a phenomenon that transforms every online interaction into a perpetual performance. When you post a photo, share a thought, or leave a comment, you’re not just communicating—you’re making an offer to the world’s largest improv show. Every response is a “yes, and,” every remix a new scene, every trend a collective performance that nobody planned but everyone helped create.

If you want to win big in cash games, you have to be good. But a lot of people are good. The rarer and more important skill is getting those who aren’t good to give you the action. Often that means ‘knowing what they are prepared to lose’ or otherwise ensuring they feel good about coming back. Other times, it means eating a loss, even if it isn’t fair.

“LLMs are really good at meme-ing other LLMs” – Alex Good

It was a matter of when, not if, people would remember the Squiggles fondly. They serve as a barometer for the entire NFT market in a slightly different way then Punks. Namely price point (1/8th cheaper is a ballpark ratio) and its specificity as the gen art logo.

saas companies can’t raise prices anymore. ai made everything copyable. Realistically saas prices are about to come down. Real down.

Jeremy: Only 4% of working age males “not in the labor force” say they have difficulty finding work. By far the largest reason for dropping out is physical disability and health problems.

Working hard also applies to influencers. In this job market paper from Kazimier Smith, he finds that the primary driver of success is lots of posting. Sponsored posts grow reach the same as regular posts

Things that are a lot better in the world today (in 2024):
Good coffee everywhere
More reliable, more powerful cars that pollute less
Air travel safer & available even to the working class (much nicer airports, too)
Clothing cheaper & more comfortable
Incredible variety of media available on demand, wherever you are

the modern part of India’s economy only employs a small fraction of the workforce: 85% of Indian workers are in the informal sector (https://t.co/PaDPpf9716), meaning they work without contracts or benefits in jobs like farming (45% of the workforce) or street vending.

Looking inside neural networks, they found something wild:
Every AI develops universal features, just like biological brains.
The same patterns appear in:
• AI vision models
• Monkey brains
• Human neural networks
Nature keeps reinventing the same solutions.
Even stranger:
Every large language model develops a “Donald Trump neuron”
It’s the only personality that consistently gets its own dedicated neuron.
Why? They don’t know.

Memecoins are the purest expression of greed and entertainment crypto’s ever created.
Equally as interesting is how much mindshare memecoins command despite the sector still being incredibly small (and retail).

An MIT PhD student’s analysis reveals that when skilled materials scientists incorporate AI into their work, productivity significantly increases but job satisfaction may decline. “AI-assisted researchers discover 44% more materials, resulting in a 39% increase in patent filings and a 17% rise in downstream product innovation. These compounds possess more novel chemical structures and lead to more radical inventions…these gains come at a cost, however, as 82% of scientists report reduced satisfaction with their work due to decreased creativity and skill underutilization.”

However, this impression is no longer true. There are many, many popular AI repos on GitHub targeting Chinese audiences, such that their descriptions are written in Chinese. There are repos for models developed for Chinese or Chinese + English, such as Qwen, ChatGLM3, Chinese-LLaMA.

several new working papers studying the financial consequences of legalized sports betting. The impacts include a 28% overall increase in bankruptcies

The Onion group did not release the terms of the sale, but in the hearing it emerged that it had offered less in cash than First United. It won by including a “credit bid,” a pledge by Sandy Hook families who had sued Mr. Jones in Connecticut to forgo for now collecting on a portion of the damages due them.

Andy Warhol, with his army of assistants churning out silk-screens, may have been the first to introduce the industrial side of process into the public consciousness. But in fact, the idea of outsourced art goes back to at least as early as the 17th century, when artists like Rembrandt would have a large staff of assistants produce paintings that were signed by the artist but not made by his hand

Now there’s a fifth way: Be a part of entire large nomadic scenes with no particular geographic base, but with highly complex organizational capabilities and internal economic engines. The Ethereum ecosystem is a very good example of this phenomenon. It has the scale, operational complexity, and economic mass of a major multi-national corporation, but it does not have a fixed geographic footprint. It is something like a high-tech Mongol horde, just with benevolent intentions.

Layer 4: Meta-content (remixes, forks, quote tweets)
This is where the real improvisation happens. It’s the layer of transformation, where content becomes conversation, where ideas meet and mutate. Every quote tweet adds context, every remix creates new meaning, every fork takes code in an unexpected direction. This is the “yes, and” layer in action.
Layer 5: Emergent phenomena (trends, movements, cultural shifts)
At the top of the stack, individual performances combine into something greater than their parts. A hashtag becomes a movement, a meme format becomes a new way of thinking, a coding pattern becomes an industry standard. This is where Internet Improv shapes not just content, but culture itself.

When Twitter limited post length to 280 characters (Layer 2), it transformed not just how people wrote (Layer 3) but how ideas evolved through quote tweets (Layer 4) and ultimately how online movements organised (Layer 5).

this shift is not a novel dynamic, btw. this is “new money” coming in and challenging “old money.” some tech billionaires who were early chose to play in the old money system and were accepted by it (see Bill Gates). others have been shut out of it and were forced to create their own, new system (Elon Musk)

during this period, USD is likely to be dramatically be restructured during this time. the national debt cannot and will never be paid off. that is a pipe dream. what’s likely to happen is some nation-state who are big holders of US debt get zeroed out in exchange for some quid-pro-quo

“The need is so high, that the market puts a price of $100,000 to $200,000 per year on a girl for simply taking pictures and videos of herself and talking to men online,” he said.

They’re the foundation for chaotic new internet experiences for a broad range of archetypes. They combine gambling, investing, socializing, creating, and entertainment into a single and easily accessible experience with a non-zero possibility of making life changing money. That’s fucking crazy.

The scale of this transformation is staggering. A single iteration might seem trivial—a witty reply, a small code tweak, a dank meme. But when millions of people perform these iterations billions of times, the results reshape our world. It’s how a tweet becomes a movement, how a meme reshapes cultural norms, how a random comment sparks a revolution in thought.

According to a Wall Street Journal report on Wednesday, Théo took a different approach to analyzing voting intentions. Picking up on alternative polls asking people, “who are your neighbors voting for?” rather than “who are you voting for?” the trader noticed they had Trump overperforming. This prompted the French national to commission their own poll to confirm the data in a bet against the accuracy of traditional polling methods.
Traditional polls failed to account for the “shy Trump voter effect

Causes generally don’t care about their members well being – and glorify members who sacrifice themselves in the name of the cause. And as you can see – causes love getting in conflict with other causes because it’s a way to martial resources

One of the challenges with bringing AI agents on-chain is that they must run continuously, which can be computationally expensive.
Smart contracts, while powerful, aren’t practical for this purpose—they’re constrained by processing capabilities (memory, cost) and can’t access data outside their native blockchain (like external APIs).

10 companies in the world will write »blank checks« and continue buying $NVDA chips and use high-end networking like InfiBand as they are in a winner-take-all race to develop AGI. Meanwhile, the other world of users and companies will care about how many tokens per second they get for a dollar, not what hardware is underneath.

A horse can haul 180 kgs on its back, a horse pulling a wagon can haul 550 kgs, a horse pulling a barge on a canal can haul 18,000 kgs.
The physics of ocean shipping are unmatched.

Global babies peaked 2016 and has fallen ever since

Let it be noticed that once he decided that this race was existential, Elon basically just set up camp in PA and sat there until it flipped.
This is how he does everything.
Find the one lever that moves the world and then just go jump up and down on it, relentlessly

Their best athletes, they told him, were just like his best traders, with low baseline levels of stress response that then dramatically spiked when it came time for a big competition. This even applies to golf.

It’s true in finance, according to Coates. “A lot of asset managers and hedge funds I’ve dealt with have a problem getting their good traders and PMs to use their full risk allocation,” he told me. “They’re not taking enough risk.”

The combination of mathematical and people-reading skills necessary for success at poker should generally also translate to lucrative opportunities in tech, finance, or other River professions—usually in jobs with health care benefits and far less variance. However, much of what attracts people to poker is an anti-authority streak. It’s one of the only professions where you can truly be a lone wolf.

When I watched the true degens, I saw that they were (mostly) the only ones able to move boldly, for size, when opportunity knocked. They were the ones that got into position to play for size, and also the ones that took advantage.

Steve Newman: The lag between casual and serious adoption is under-appreciated. When we sold Writely (aka Google Docs) to Google, we had ~200K registered accounts but <5K serious users. Of course in the long run, the reality caught up with the hype in that example. writing is thinking. In fact there's a kind of thinking that can only be done by writing. “executing to a Chinese standard is now going to be the most important priority.” By any measure, this is an earth-shattering statement. Making cars is complicated. Not as complicated as making airliners or nuclear power plants. But making cars is still the hallmark of an advanced industrial economy. So, the idea that China is suddenly setting the standards that others must now strive to meet is a sea-change compared with the world we lived in just five years ago. "Where I am from, Dagestan, we don't need much. Dana was asking me 'bro why didn't you ever ask me how much I was gonna pay you to come back? It doesn't matter if you want $100 Million dollars I don't care' you know why? Because I am from Dagestan and we are traditional" "Talking to our mothers is everything to us, I don't want to play political games, I just want to help people, inspire people, spend time with my family, with my mother, with my children and just be a good person" ❤️ Similarly, if you're trying to build a powerful tool, make it gratuitously unrestrictive. A powerful tool almost by definition will be used in ways you didn't expect, so err on the side of eliminating restrictions, even if you don't know what the benefit will be. At any given time there will be many conflicting memes but only 1-2 can be the Current Thing As this becomes increasingly clear - with the rise of humanoid robotics, we are going to get the first real wave of backlash. I think the big markets catalyst will be Robotic McDonalds. The restaurant industry has about 12.5 million employees. Imagine if most of that got automated, and a couple of other low skilled industries. You get to 10-15% unemployment very quickly. Well, while a meme business may sound silly, silly businesses can mean serious money. Giphy sold for $400M. KnowYourMeme sold for 8 figures and gets 3M pageviews/mo. Meme page empire FuckJerry makes 8 figures per year. The Tesla bet, though, is that Waymo’s approach ultimately doesn’t scale and isn’t generalizable to true Level 5, while starting with the dream — true autonomy — leads Tesla down a better path of relying on nothing but AI, fueled by data and fine-tuning that you can only do if you already have millions of cars on the road. That is the connection to SpaceX and what happened this weekend: if you start with the dream, then understand the cost structure necessary to achieve that dream, you force yourself down the only path possible, forgoing easier solutions that don’t scale for fantastical ones that do. The Sun is ~99.8% of the entire mass of the solar system. Jupiter and Saturn are ~0.2% and everything else is a rounding error. Moreover, the Sun is >99.99% of energy output! Everything else combined is an inaudible background noise.

To give you an idea of how extreme this is – in 1967 a Super Bowl ad cost $37,500 and now it costs $7 million – a whopping 9%+ CAGRAds are a strong inflation hedge. And – being purely digital, in some ways, they have low “storage costs”. As opposed to other inflationary commodities like oil where you have to keep it in a barrel

Roko’s Basilisk is the idea that a future AGI would come to the conclusion that its own existence should have come about earlier – and therefore, anyone who became aware of its future existence and didn’t act on it would be infinitely punished.

According to Wikipedia, the control premium varies from 20% to 40% in business practice, depending on minority shareholders’ protections. In this case, it is clear that minority shareholders’ protections are currently extremely thin, so this would presumably mean at least a 40% premium. That’s 40% of the total baseline value of OpenAI, not the value of the non-profit’s share of the company.

Food Companies = Cigarette Companies: Chronic disease rates began to rise sharply in the 1980s after the Surgeon General reported on smoking. Cigarette companies, like Philip Morris and RJ Reynolds, shifted to the food industry by acquiring major food brands

What is the core secret of a Mr. Beast video, underneath all the details and obsession? It seems to be roughly ‘hammering people with very loud cool exciting s*** taken to 11 as often and intensely as possible, with full buy-in’?